Occurrence of Mycoplasmalike Bodies in Phloem of Stubborn-Infected Citrus Seedlings

Complete Genome Sequence of Spiroplasma citri Strain R8-A2 T , Causal Agent of Stubborn Disease in Citrus Species

“…1915, the disease was first mistakenly attributed to infection by a virus (5, 6). Later, the disease was attributed to a (nonhelical) mycoplasma, based on results from electron microscopy (7, 8) that failed to reveal the three-dimensional structure of the disease agent. Two research groups subsequently reported in vitro culture of the presumed mycoplasma (9–13).…”

Spiroplasma citri gen. and sp. n.: A Mycoplasma-Like Organism Associated with "Stubborn" Disease of Citrus

“…Structures with apparently a unit membrane envelope were also observed in the phloem elements of citrus seedlings affected with "Stubborn" disease (28,29,32). To ascertain the nature of these mycoplasma-like bodies and to study their role in the etiology of "Stubborn" disease, it was necessary t o obtain pure cultures of the agent.…”

Comparison of the membrane composition of Spiroplasma citri and the corn stunt Spiroplasma

“…The term "spiroplasma" was first used as a trivial name for the organism associated with corn stunt disease (2). An organism of similar morphology and motility was found in citrus trees suffering from "stubborn" disease (4,9). The latter organism has been named Spiroplasma citri (10).…”