Occurrence of Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisins in kernels of maize hybrids in Venezuela

Abstract

Fusarium moniliforme (FM) incidence and fumonisins (FUM) content were determined in white kernel samples of maize hybrids, harvested in farms of Guárico and Portuguesa states, Venezuela. FM incidence was estimated in subsamples placed on a malt-salt-agar medium. Values in the range of 0-15 % were considered low, from 15-30% intermediate, and more than 30% high. FUM content was quantified through specific immunoassay (Fumonitest, VICAM Sci. Tech., USA) and values above 1 ppm were considered high. The hybrids were compared using a completely randomized design and results were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparisons. The correlation between FUM content and FM incidence was also estimated. FM and FUM were detected in all of the 89 samples. Mean incidence of FM among hybrids ranged from 26.0 to 72.0% in Portuguesa state (PS) and from 28.7 to 55.7 in Guárico state (GS). Significant differences among hybrids were determined in farms of El Playón and Turén, PS, and El Sombrero and El Socorro, GS. The incidence of FM was high in all hybrids. FUM contents ranged from 0.80 to 10.00 ppm in PS, and from 1.50 to 13.00 ppm in GS. Significant differences among hybrids were found in El Playón, PS, and in both locations of GS. Only in Ospino, PS, the content of FUM was correlated with FM incidence. This indicates the natural occurence of FM strains with different toxigenic capabilities. The results show that Guárico and Portuguesa states are hazardous regions regarding FM and FUM in maize kernels.

Efecto de la cosecha mecanizada sobre la calidad del grano de maíz para la recepción y el procesamiento agroindustrial

“…Tanto en los cultivares amarillos como en los blancos, se pudo constatar el efecto de la forma de cosecha sobre los atributos de calidad del grano, y el mayor impacto de la cosecha mecánica se evidenció en granos partidos y granos dañados por microorganismos, condiciones que en algunos casos ubicaron el grano fuera de clasificación (GPM), pudiendo comprometer su inocuidad [17]. La aparición natural y potencial de cepas del género Fusarium en las zonas productoras, y la presencia de fumonisinas [10], elevan la consideración de estos riesgos. La cosecha mecánica con respecto a la manual resultó en un mayor contenido de GDMO y GGRD, salvo en el híbrido amarillo TROPI 101 para las localidades Turen 1 y Turen 3, y el híbrido blanco DANAC 029 en las localidades Guaimaral y Turen 2.…”

Development of a real-time PCR and multiplex PCR assay for the detection and identification of mycotoxigenic fungi in stored maize grains

“…Ten millilitres of the sample was mixed with wash buffer (40 mL) and filtered using a 1 μm filter. Assays for fusarium toxins, including fumonisin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone amounts, were performed on HPLC (Mazzani et al 2001 ).…”

Mycotoxin-producing fungi occurring in sorghum grains from Saudi Arabia

“…Fumonisin toxins were determined according to the method described by Mazzani et al (2001). Isolates were grown on sterilized SMKY liquid medium prepared in 50 ml flasks for 10 days at 27±2°C, with three replicates per isolate.…”