OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN M₁ IN RAW MILK FROM SOUTH KOREA WINTER SEASONS USING AN IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Abstract

The contamination level of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) in raw milk samples produced in South Korea during the winter season was investigated using immunoaffinity column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. Among the test samples collected from 100 cattle ranches in 2008 and 2009, none were contaminated with AFM 1 over the maximum level (0.5 mg/L) set by South Korea and U.S. regulatory agencies. Seven percent of the tested samples obtained in 2008 were not contaminated with AFM 1 ; however, this increased to 34% for samples obtained in 2009. The percent of samples with an AFM 1 concentration in the range of 0.05-0.10 mg/L decreased from 21% in 2008 to 4% in 2009. In this study, the level of AFM 1 in raw milk was determined to be very low and safe for market milk process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study, the first time in South Korea, contamination of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) in raw milk, during 2 years seasons was investigated using immunoaffinity column and high performance liquid chromatography. This was a large survey for AFM 1 level in the raw milk samples from 100 dairy ranches. The result can be used as reference data to understand the current occurrence of AFM 1 and estimate the contamination levels of AFM 1 in various dairy products in South Korea.

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011

“…Published surveys of milk and milk products carried out in other countries involved Brazil (Becker et al, 2010), Egypt (Amr Amer et al, 2010), Sri Lanka (Pathirana et al, 2010), South Korea (Kim et al, 2010), Spain (Cano-Sancho et al, 2010a;Gómez-Arranz and Navarro-Blasco, 2010) and Thailand (Ruangwises and Ruangwises, 2010). In general, the contamination of milk and milk products with AFM 1 was low and in those cases where regulatory limits were exceeded, these breaches were often marginal and should not be a cause for concern.…”

Seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in industrial and traditional Iranian dairy products

“…Several studies in the world have been undertaken to determine the occurrence of AFM 1 in milk and dairy products (Carvajal, Bolaños, Rojo, & Méndez, 2003;Elzupir & Elhussein, 2010;Ghanem & Orfi, 2009;Hampikyan, Bingol, Cetin, & Colak, 2010;Kim, Lee, Kwak, Ahn, & Jeong, 2010;Nuryono et al, 2009). However, referring to existing scientific literature, a limited number of surveys have been conducted in this field in Iran.…”

Fluorescence‐Based Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk using Immobilized Spores

“…Commercially available systems for detection of AFM1 in milk are radioimmunoassay (RIA) (see Table 1), i.e., Charm 6602 system (Offiah and Adesiyun 2007), high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (Hussain et al 2010;Kim et al 2010) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Kamkar et al 2011;Temamogullari and Kanici 2014). Different biosensors are also available, i.e., flow injection immunoassay with amperometric detection (Badea et al 2004), electrochemical immunosensor using screen-printed electrodes (Micheli et al 2005), biosensor based on surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (Wanga et al 2009), impedimetric biosensor (Vig et al 2009), miniaturized hybrid immunoassay with luminal substrate (Kanungo et al 2011), and dynamic light scattering coupled with super paramagnetic beads and gold nanoprobes (Zhang et al 2013) with their advance technology, specificity and sensitivity.…”