Seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in industrial and traditional Iranian dairy products

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

“…In addition, artisans often makes use of only one milk source, which can occasionally be contaminated with high AFM1 levels (although within the legal limit) thus determining a peak of contamination which would be found also in the derived cheese, while industrial production uses dilution of milk from various sources. This finding is in contrast to that recently obtained by Fallah et al (2011). On the other hand, contrary to what appears at first sight from the data shown in Table 3, maturation does not influence AFM1 content in cheese.…”

“…More specifically, cheese made with cows' milk showed itself to be more contaminated than cheese made with goat or sheep (or mixed goat/sheep, mixed goat/cow and sheep/cow) milk. This result agrees with the previous observation that milk from goats and sheep is less contaminated than cows' milk, both because of the different digestive apparatuses and mechanism of AFB1 assimilation of animals, and for the different feeding used in cow's breeding compared to ovine and caprine (Barbiroli et al, 2007;Hussain et al, 2010;Fallah et al, 2011). In fact, cattle fodders are more likely to be contaminated with AFB1 than those used to feed sheep and goats.…”

“…In fact, Taikarimi and co-workers observed that the season of production is relevant in determining aflatoxin M1 in cheese and demonstrated that cheese produced in winter are more contaminated than those produced in summer (Tajkarimi et al, 2008). Accordingly, Fallah et al (2011) observed that samples produced in winter-spring are more contaminated than those produced in summer and autumn. As in the case of samples from cows' milk, a further statistical analysis should be conducted by separately isolating the two categories of industrial and small-scale manufacturing samples and re-run statistical tests on the remaining categories (season of production and maturation) to highlight eventual significant differences which may have been hidden by the non-random distribution of samples between groups.…”

Investigation on image processing parameters for plate evaluation in TLC analysis of mycotoxins

“…TLC analysis for mycotoxins is still popular for both qualitative and quantitative determinations [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Silica gel layers seem to be the most common stationary phases used for such investigations.…”

Aflatoxin M1 Determination in Traditional Küp Cheese Samples of Turkey Using Immunoaffinity Column and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…Thin layer chromatography (TLC) (Fallah et al, 2011), enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) (Atasever et al, 2010;Tekinşen and Eken, 2008) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, HPLC with tandem mass spectrometric detection (Aguilera-Luiz et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012), were some of them used for Aflatoxin detection. Since HPLC methods are specific and sensitive, it is more preferable than other methods.…”