Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter spp. in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa

Sithole, Viwe; Amoako, Daniel G.; Abia, Akebe Luther King; Perrett, Keith; Bester, Linda A.; Essack, Sabiha Y.

doi:10.3390/pathogens10040439

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles exacerbate the risk of foodborne infection, which is further exacerbated by a reduction in antibiotic treatment options (Sithole et al, 2021) [ 85 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia)

et al. 2021

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C. jejuni and S. typhimurium are the leading causes of bacterial food contamination in chicken carcasses. Contamination is particularly associated with the slaughtering process. This study isolated C. jejuni and S. typhimurim from fifty chicken carcass samples, all of which were acquired from different companies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The identification of C. jejuni was performed phenotypically by using a hippurate test and genetically using a polymerase chain reaction with primers for 16S rRNA and hippurate hydrolase (hipO gene). For the dentification of S. typhimurim, a serological Widal test was carried out using serum antiS. typhimurium antibodies. Samonella genetically detected using invA gene primers. The positive isolates for C. jejuni showed a specific molecular size of 1448 bp for 16S rRNA and 1148 bp for hipO genes. However, the positive isolates of the invA gene exhibited a specific molecular size at 244 bp using polymerase chain reaction. Comparing sequencing was performed with respect to the invA gene and the BLAST nucleotide isolates that were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain ST45, thereby producing a similarity of 100%. The testing identified C. jejuni for hippuricase, GenBank: Z36940.1. Many isolates of Salmonella spp. that contained the invA gene were not necessarily identified as S. typhimurim, the limiting factor for the Widal test used antiS. typhimurum antibodies. The multidrug resistance of C. jejuni isolates in chickens was compared with the standard C. jejuni strain ATCC 22931. Similarly, S. typhimurium isolates were compared with the standard S. typhimurium strain ATCC 14028.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonella strains were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) and have been detected in many serotypes, including S. enterica serotype typhimurium [ 83 , 85 ], in addition to S. enterica serotypesagona, anatum, choleraesuis, dublin, Heidelberg, Kentucky, Newport, Schwarzengrund, Senftenberg and Uganda, among others [ 86–88 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia)

et al. 2021

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“…This study was designed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles and occurrence of virulence genes associated with pathogenesis mediated by many virulence factors [ 38 ] and the survival of Campylobacter spp. [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six virulence genes; Cytolethal distending toxin subunits; cdt A, cdt B, and cdt C, Campylobacter adhesion to fibronectin protein (CadF), phospholipase A ( pld A), and Campylobacter invasion antigen B ( cia B) were screened from Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The primers and PCR cycling conditions were obtained from the previously published articles [ 10 , 38 , 39 ] and are shown in Table 2 . The 25 μ L total reaction consisted of 12.5 μ L of a 2X DreamTag Green Master Mix (0.4 mM dATP, 0.4 mM dCTP, 0.4 mM dGTP, and 0.4 mM dTTP, 4 Mm MgCl 2 , and loading buffer), 8.5 μ L of nuclease-free water, 2.0 μ L of template DNA, and 1.0 μ L of each oligonucleotide primer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni from Slaughter Age Broiler Chickens: Genetic Characterization, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Ramatla

Mileng

Ndou

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne human gastroenteritis worldwide and is designated as a high priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, a total of 26 C. jejuni isolates from broiler chickens were screened for the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR. As a result, the study detected 11/26 (42.3%), 9/26 (34.6%), 8/26 (30.8%), 7/26 (26.9%), 6/26 (23.1%), and 6/26 (23.1%) of cdtC, pldA, cdtB, cdtA, cadF, and ciaB virulence genes, respectively, with seven of the isolates carrying more than two virulence genes. The majority of the isolates n = 25 (96.1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, followed by n = 21 (80.7%), n = 22 (84.6%), and n = 5 (19.2%) for tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Most isolates were harboring catI (n = 16; 84.2%), catII (n = 15; 78.9%), catIII (n = 10; 52.6%), catIV (n = 2; 10.5%), floR (n = 10; 52.6%), ermB (n = 14; 73.7%), tetO (n = 13; 68.4%), tetA (n = 9; 47.4%), mcr-4 (n = 8; 42.1%), and ampC (n = 2; 10.5%). Meanwhile, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, tet(X), tet(P), and tet(W) genes were not detected in all isolates. Class I and Class II integrons were detected in 92.3% (n = 24) and 65.4% (n = 17) isolates, respectively. About 31% (8 of the 26 isolates) isolates were carrying more than two resistance genes. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to detect class II integrons in Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni). The high prevalence of cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, pldA, and ciaB genes and antibiotic resistance genes in C. jejuni in this study indicates the pathogenic potential of these isolates. Majority of the isolates demonstrated resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline (tet), and erythromycin (ermB), which are the drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of implementing an efficient strategy to control Campylobacter in chickens and to reduce antimicrobial use in the poultry industry, which will help to prevent the spread of infections to humans.

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“…These genes have been described as genes that provide ribosome protection and have been designated tet (O) ( 42 ). They are present in a large number of Campylobacter isolates, obtained from different animal species ( 43 , 44 ). They encode ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) ( 40 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Antibiotics in Thermophilic Campylobacters

Aleksic¹,

Miljković-Selimović

Tambur³

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial enterocolitis globally. The disease in human is usually self-limiting, but when complications arise antibiotic therapy is required at a time when resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are diverse depending on antibiotic type and usage and include: enzymatic destruction or drug inactivation; alteration of the target enzyme; alteration of cell membrane permeability; alteration of ribosome structure and alteration of the metabolic pathway(s). Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones is now a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. In this review the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracycline, aminoglycoside and the role of integrons in resistance of Campylobacter (especially at the molecular level) are discussed, as well as the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. Multiple drug resistance is an increasing problem for treatment of campylobacter infections and emergence of resistant strains and resistance are important One Health issues.

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Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter spp. in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia)

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia)

Campylobacter jejuni from Slaughter Age Broiler Chickens: Genetic Characterization, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Resistance to Antibiotics in Thermophilic Campylobacters

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