Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken using PCR for virulence factor hipO and invA genes (Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

C. jejuni and S. typhimurium are the leading causes of bacterial food contamination in chicken carcasses. Contamination is particularly associated with the slaughtering process. This study isolated C. jejuni and S. typhimurim from fifty chicken carcass samples, all of which were acquired from different companies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The identification of C. jejuni was performed phenotypically by using a hippurate test and genetically using a polymerase chain reaction with primers for 16S rRNA and hippurate hydrolase (hipO gene). For the dentification of S. typhimurim, a serological Widal test was carried out using serum antiS. typhimurium antibodies. Samonella genetically detected using invA gene primers. The positive isolates for C. jejuni showed a specific molecular size of 1448 bp for 16S rRNA and 1148 bp for hipO genes. However, the positive isolates of the invA gene exhibited a specific molecular size at 244 bp using polymerase chain reaction. Comparing sequencing was performed with respect to the invA gene and the BLAST nucleotide isolates that were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain ST45, thereby producing a similarity of 100%. The testing identified C. jejuni for hippuricase, GenBank: Z36940.1. Many isolates of Salmonella spp. that contained the invA gene were not necessarily identified as S. typhimurim, the limiting factor for the Widal test used antiS. typhimurum antibodies. The multidrug resistance of C. jejuni isolates in chickens was compared with the standard C. jejuni strain ATCC 22931. Similarly, S. typhimurium isolates were compared with the standard S. typhimurium strain ATCC 14028.

Quantification of Campylobacter contamination on chicken carcasses sold in retail markets in the United Arab Emirates

“…The findings from this baseline study provide the first published investigation on the status of Campylobacter in chilled chicken meat sold in supermarkets in the UAE. Lower recovery of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses was observed in our study (28.6%) compared to results from neighboring countries, such as Qatar (36.5%) and Saudi Arabia (52.2%) (Abu-Madi et al 2016;Alarjani et al 2021). In this study, 71.4% of the tested chicken carcasses were contaminated with Campylobacter at a level below 1 log 10 CFU/g (the quantification limit for the designated direct plating method).…”

Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain

“…Data from surveillance studies in different countries indicated a high prevalence of Campylobacter on raw retail chicken meat. For example, Campylobacter was detected in 28.6%, 36.5%, 41.2% and 52.2%, 59.9% of samples from chicken meat from retail stores in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and Canada, respectively [ 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 ]. It is estimated that a reduction in Campylobacter counts in the neck and breast skin to 10 3 CFU/g reduces the public health risk by 50% [ 192 ].…”

Aplikasi Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) NCBI Pada Penelitian Molekuler Salmonella SPP

“…Typhi strain 3N4 dengan tingkat percent coverage sebesar 99%. Alarjani et al (2021) melaporkan berdasarkan hasil BLAST terdeteksi cemaran Salmonella Enterica subs in the enterica ser Typhimurium dan Salmonella Spp (Ladunga, 2009) Aplikasi fungsi 1 pada penelitian Salmonella memiliki parameter penting yang mempengaruhi hasil BLAST diantaranya yaitu menentukan gen target berdasarkan dugaan serovar (Madden, 2013), data query sequence, reference sequence. Langkah awal yang dibutuhkan dalam menentukan gen target adalah memilih urutan basa spesifik yang banyak ditemukan pada spesies tersebut dan tidak ada pada bakteri lain.…”