Occurrence and sorption of fluoroquinolones in poultry litters and soils from São Paulo State, Brazil

Aqueous Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Mangrove Sediment by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detector

“…10,14,34 Therefore, it was decided to optimize an extraction technique assisted by ultrasound (UAE) to isolate the CIP, LEV and NOR fluoroquinolones from the mangrove sediment samples. This procedure is easy-to-use (sonication followed by centrifugation), the equipments are easily found in the laboratory, low-cost and uses little solvent extractor.…”

“…These situations imply that much of the antibiotic residue consumed by humans is released into water bodies. 10 Over the past few years, environmental regulatory agencies in developed countries have worked to establish regulatory guidelines to control harmful substances in the environment, and more specifically, to human health. [8][9][10] The main concern is that many emerging contaminants are not yet included in environmental legislation around the world.…”

“…10 Over the past few years, environmental regulatory agencies in developed countries have worked to establish regulatory guidelines to control harmful substances in the environment, and more specifically, to human health. [8][9][10] The main concern is that many emerging contaminants are not yet included in environmental legislation around the world. Currently, only a few isolated compounds have been regulated, although the vast majority still remain without legal definitions as their presence in different matrices.…”

“…The species define fluoroquinolone mobility in solid matrices. 10 There are few methods described in literature for analysis of the fluoroquinolones in solid environmental matrices, such as soil and sediment of water bodies. 22,23 Most methods are described for aqueous environmental matrices, for example, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using different detectors, such as UV-Vis, fluorescence and mass spectrometry.…”

Antibiotic residues and resistance in the environment

“…For example, concentrations as high as 1.37 to 6.68 mg kg -1 and 22.93 μg kg -1 of fluoroquinolones were detected respectively, in poultry litter and soil samples from Brazil (Leal, 2012). In another study in Turkey, only 42 and 24% of fluoroquinolones could be recovered in manure and spiked soil samples respectively (Karci and Balcioglu, 2009).…”