Occurrence and seasonal variations of <i>Giardia</i> in wastewater and river water from Al-Jinderiyah region in Latakia, Syria

Ibrahim, Suha Anwer; Choumane, Wafaa; Dayoub, Amal

doi:10.1080/00207233.2019.1619320

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the lack of winter samples and the absence of infections in spring require further validation through additional samples. Giardia infection rates have been reported to be the highest during the rainy season in several previous studies ( 41 , 42 ), confirming that the illness is waterborne. Furthermore, Lee et al ( 30 ) reported higher infection rates in autumn (21.2%) than in summer (12.0%) for pigs, which is consistent with the results of wild boar infections reported in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Molecular detection and assemblage analysis of the intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis in wild boars in Korea

Lee

Kwak

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, G. lamblia) is the only Giardia species that infects humans and most other mammals. Wild boars are a reservoir of many viruses, bacteria, and parasites that can be transmitted to livestock and humans. This study examined the infection rate of G. duodenalis in wild boars and confirmed its specificity by comparing assemblages through PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA, gdh, and β-giardin genes. Fecal samples were collected from roadkilled or trapped wild boars from April 2016 to December 2021 in Korea. DNA was extracted directly from 612 wild boar fecal specimens using a commercial kit. PCR was performed targeting the 18S rRNA region, β-giardin, and glutamate dehydrogenase genes of G. duodenalis. Some PCR-positive samples were selected for sequencing analysis. The obtained sequences were subsequently used for phylogenetic tree construction. Of the 612 samples tested, 125 (20.4%) were positive for G. duodenalis. The highest infection rate was detected in the central region (12.0%) and in autumn (12.7%). Among the risk factors, the seasonal factor was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Phylogenetic analysis revealed three genetic assemblages: A, B, and E. Assemblages A and B exhibited 100% identity with Giardia sequences isolated from human and farmed pigs in Korea and Japan. This result cannot be ignored because it indicates the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous management and monitoring of this pathogen are necessary to prevent transmission and protect animal and human health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Molecular detection and assemblage analysis of the intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis in wild boars in Korea

Lee

Kwak

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Children in areas irrigated with fresh water were affected by influenza, whereas nine out of ten children in areas irrigated with wastewater were infected. [30] This study aims to detect the presence of Giardia cysts and determine their prevalence and concentration in Al-Jinderiyah region wastewater and river water samples.…”

Section: Qualitative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hundred percent renewable wastewater treatment plant: techno-economic assessment using a ret screen, case study Syria

Gökçekuş¹,

Kassem²,

Mason³

et al. 2023

futech

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In regions prone to droughts, such as Syria, water shortages and urbanization increase the need for water to meet domestic, industrial, commercial, and agricultural demands. According to research, the leaching of toxic substances from the treatment of sewage water stations is likely to influence the quality of groundwater. In some locations, the overexploitation of surface water and groundwater resources has outpaced natural recharge rates, resulting in water scarcity and high demand for safe drinking water. Alternately, climate change has a significant impact on Syria's water situation, resulting in protracted drought in several sections of the nation. Water scarcity has been exacerbated by civil unrest and armed conflict in several areas of Syria, particularly in areas controlled by anti-Assad Syrian rebel groups. Previous studies established that groundwater and surface water pollution is a widespread problem across the entirety of Syria. The high levels of pollution resulting from concentrated agricultural and industrial activities pose a threat to drinking water sources. In addition, industrial waste, which might contain nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metals, contributes to a substantial amount of pollution. This project seeks to increase the use of wind and solar energy as a means of powering water treatment plants in Syria, where water is contaminated with heavy metals and other toxins.

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“…This agreed with Antonios et al (2010);El-Kowrany et al (2016); Brankston et al (2018) and Xiao et al (2018), who reported that Cryptosporidium contamination positive degree correlated with warm weather. But, Ibrahim et al (2020) recorded Giardia in river water in rainy seasons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cytometric and Molecular Analysis of Possible Protozoal Contamination of Drinking Water in Tanta, Egypt

Elmehy¹,

Ismail²,

Alfattah³

et al. 2021

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

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Occurrence and seasonal variations of Giardia in wastewater and river water from Al-Jinderiyah region in Latakia, Syria

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Molecular detection and assemblage analysis of the intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis in wild boars in Korea

Molecular detection and assemblage analysis of the intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis in wild boars in Korea

Hundred percent renewable wastewater treatment plant: techno-economic assessment using a ret screen, case study Syria

Flow Cytometric and Molecular Analysis of Possible Protozoal Contamination of Drinking Water in Tanta, Egypt

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