Flow Cytometric and Molecular Analysis of Possible Protozoal Contamination of Drinking Water in Tanta, Egypt

Elmehy, Dalia A.; Ismail, Howaida I. H.; Alfattah, Amira A.; El-Nouby, Kholoud A; Hazzaa, Sahar M.; El-Badry, Ayman A.

doi:10.21608/jesp.2021.165953

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Cryptosporidium and Giardia species are particularly notable as they can survive in aquatic environments despite the use of chlorine disinfectants (Elmehy et al . 2021 ). Regrettably, many people worldwide do not have access to safe water, which is free from harmful pathogens and contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Moussa,

Ashour,

Soliman

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Over the past three decades, a notable rise in the occurrence of enteric protozoan pathogens, especially Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., in drinking water sources has been observed. This rise could be attributed not only to an actual increase in water contamination but also to improvements in detection methods. These waterborne pathogens have played a pivotal role in disease outbreaks and the overall escalation of disease rates in both developed and developing nations worldwide. Consequently, the control of waterborne diseases has become a vital component of public health policies and a primary objective of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Limited studies applied real-time PCR (qPCR) and/or immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for monitoring Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., particularly in developing countries like Egypt. Water samples from two conventional drinking water treatment plants and two compact units (CUs) were analyzed using both IFA and qPCR methods to detect Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Using qPCR and IFA, the conventional DWTPs showed complete removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, whereas Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs achieved only partial removal. Specifically, Cryptosporidium gene copies removal rates were 33.33% and 60% for Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs, respectively. Niklah CU also removed 50% of Giardia gene copies, but no Giardia gene copies were removed by Mansheyat Alqanater CU. Using IFA, both Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs showed a similar removal rate of 50% for Giardia cysts. Additionally, Niklah CU achieved a 50% removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts, whereas Mansheyat Alqanater CU did not show any removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Conventional DWTPs were more effective than CUs in removing enteric protozoa. The contamination of drinking water by enteric pathogenic protozoa remains a significant issue globally, leading to increased disease rates. Infectious disease surveillance in drinking water is an important epidemiological tool to monitor the health of a population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Moussa,

Ashour,

Soliman

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoa contamination are a signi cant concern. Cryptosporidium and Giardia species are particularly notable as they can survive in aquatic environments despite the use of chlorine disinfectants (Elmehy et al 2021). Regrettably, many people worldwide do not have access to safe water, which is free from harmful pathogens and contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Moussa¹,

Ashour

Soliman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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During the past thirty years, there has been a significant increase in the contamination of drinking water by enteric pathogenic protozoa, particularly Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. Such microbial contamination has been responsible for disease outbreaks and increased background rates of disease in developed and developing countries worldwide. As such, controlling waterborne diseases is a critical aspect of public health policy and the primary objective of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Limited studies applied real-time PCR (qPCR) and/or Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for monitoring Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., particularly in developing countries like Egypt. Samples of water from two conventional drinking water treatment plants and two compact units (CUs) were analyzed using both IFA and qPCR methods to detect Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The conventional DWTPs showed complete removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium gene copies, whereas Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs achieved only partial removal. Specifically, Cryptosporidium gene copies removal rates were 33.33% and 60% for Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs, respectively. Niklah CU also removed 50% of Giardia gene copies, but no Giardia gene copies were removed by Mansheyat Alqanater CU. Conventional DWTPs were more effective than CUs in removing enteric protozoa. The contamination of drinking water by enteric pathogenic protozoa remains a significant issue globally, leading to increased disease rates. Infectious disease surveillance in drinking water is an important epidemiological tool to monitor the health of a population.

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Assessment of the potential occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in various water sources in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt

Omar,

Etewa,

Mahmoud

et al. 2024

J Parasit Dis

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Flow Cytometric and Molecular Analysis of Possible Protozoal Contamination of Drinking Water in Tanta, Egypt

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Assessment of the potential occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in various water sources in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt

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