Occurrence and pathogenicity of <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> at fish farms in northern and central Finland

Valtonen, E. T.; Rintamäki, P.; Koskivaara, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00650.x

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Although the gills are apparently an important portal of entry for Yersinia ruckeri, the bacterium may also successfully colonize other body surfaces and gain entry to the body by a variety of routes, including the skin and the gut, as suggested by Busch & Lingg (1975) and Valtonen et al (1992). In our study, moderate numbers of Y. ruckeri were isolated from the skin and gut immediately after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Route of entry and tissue distribution of Yersinia ruckeri in experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Tobback¹,

Decostere²,

Hermans³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease, which leads to significant losses in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Despite the significance of the disease, little information is available on the pathogenesis. In this study, the portal of entry was investigated using a contact-exposure infection method in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with 4 different Y. ruckeri strains. Bacteriological and histological examination revealed the presence of high numbers of bacteria in the gills immediately after infection resulting in a rapid spread of Y. ruckeri in the internal organs. However, only a virulent strain was able to survive and multiply in the host, causing septicaemia and death several days after infection. These findings indicate that gills may be an important site of entry and that Y. ruckeri virulence is related to immune evasion. KEY WORDS: Yersinia ruckeri · Portal of entry · Virulence · Rainbow troutResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Route of entry and tissue distribution of Yersinia ruckeri in experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Tobback¹,

Decostere²,

Hermans³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…The bacterium was isolated from different host species [2,23,24], including several salmonid species, channel catfish, goldfish, common carp, European eel, coalfish, and perch. Typing of Y. ruckeri isolates from various geographic locations or different fish species has been performed for taxonomic or epidemiological purposes and initially it was based on phenotypical characteristics including the results of biochemical and serological tests [10,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and molecular heterogeneity among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in north west Germany

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEnteric Redmouth Disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is one of the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture in Europe. More recently, non-motile vaccine resistant isolates appear to have evolved and are causing disease problems throughout Europe, including Germany. The aim of this study was to analyse the variation of biochemical and molecular characteristics of Y. ruckeri isolates collected in north west Germany as a basis for strain differentiation. The isolates originated mainly from rainbow trout and were characterised by biochemical profiling, 16S rDNA sequencing, repetitive sequence-based PCRs, including (GTG)5-PCR, BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).ResultsIn total, 83 isolates were characterised, including 48 isolates collected during a field study in north west Germany. All isolates were confirmed as Y. ruckeri by the API 20E system. Five isolates were additionally confirmed as Y. ruckeri by Y. ruckeri-specific PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Only 17 isolates hydrolyzed Tween 80/20. Sixty-six isolates (79.5%) were non-motile. Two different patterns were obtained by REP-PCR, five patterns by ERIC-PCR, four patterns by (GTG)5-PCR and three patterns by BOX-PCR. NotI-directed PFGE resulted in 17 patterns that differed from each other by 25–29 fragments. Isolates from the field study clustered together as PFGE type C. According to the results of API 20E, repetitive sequence-based PCRs and PFGE, these isolates could be subdivided into 27 different groups.ConclusionsThe detailed molecular and phenotypic characterisation scheme developed in this study could be used to help trace the dissemination of Y. ruckeri isolates, and thus may represent part of improved disease monitoring plans in the future.

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“…The gills, the gut and the skin have been identified as important routes of infection for fish pathogens (Tobback, ). The gut has been suggested to be a portal of entry for Y. ruckeri (Busch & Lingg, ; Valtonen, Rintamäki, & Koskivaara, ), and Y. ruckeri was recently shown to adhere to different glycoproteins in carp intestinal mucus (Schroers, Van Der Marel, & Steinhagen, ). The gills are in constant contact with the aquatic environment and therefore directly accessible to pathogen attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of quorum quenching bacteria on growth, virulence factors and biofilm formation of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation of their probiotic effect in rainbow trout

Delshad

Soltanian

Sharifiyazdi

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Five N-acyl homoserine lactone-degrading bacteria (quorum quenching (QQ) strains) were selected to evaluate their impacts on growth, virulence factors and biofilm formation in Yersinia ruckeri in vitro. No difference was observed among the growth pattern of Y. ruckeri in monoculture and coculture with the QQ strains. To investigate the regulation of virulence factors by quorum sensing in Y. ruckeri, cultures were supplemented with 3oxo-C8-HSL. The results indicated that swimming motility and biofilm formation are positively regulated by QS (p < 0.05), whereas caseinase, phospholipase and haemolysin productions are not influenced by 3oxo-C8-HSL (p > 0.05). The QQs were able to decrease swimming motility and biofilm formation in Y. ruckeri. QQ bacteria were supplemented to trout feed at 10 CFU/g (for 40 days). Their probiotic effect was verified by Y. ruckeri challenge either by immersion or injection in trout. All strains could significantly increase fish survival with Bacillus thuringiensis and Citrobacter gillenii showing the highest and lowest relative percentage survival (RPS) values (respectively, 85% and 38%). Besides, there was no difference between the RPS values by either immersion or injection challenge expect for B. thuringiensis. The putative involvement of the QQ capacity in the protection against Yersinia is discussed.

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Occurrence and pathogenicity of Yersinia ruckeri at fish farms in northern and central Finland

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Route of entry and tissue distribution of Yersinia ruckeri in experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Route of entry and tissue distribution of Yersinia ruckeri in experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Biochemical and molecular heterogeneity among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in north west Germany

Effect of quorum quenching bacteria on growth, virulence factors and biofilm formation of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation of their probiotic effect in rainbow trout

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