Observation of wave propagation in integrated optical circuits

Sol-gel processed silica/titania/ÿ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane composite materials for photonic applications

“…A loss of the planar waveguides with different titanium contents was evaluated by scattered-light measurement. 18,19 The scattered light power measurement was made at every 2 mm apart. Total of five or above separate points was taken.…”

Proton-Implanted Planar Waveguide in Gallium Lanthanum Sulphide Glass

“…One of the most important features of a waveguide is its optical loss. Many methods have been used to evaluate loss of planar waveguides, including collection of scattered light, 18) the Fabry-Perot technique, 19) the isosceles-prism method 10) and the back-reflection method. 10) Among these methods, the back-reflection method can be successfully applied to short waveguides and is particularly suited for waveguides realized on high refractive index substrates since the high reflection coefficient at the substrate/air interface is essential to obtain a significant back-reflection signal.…”

Nondestructive method to measure coupling and propagation losses in optical guided structures

“…There is an attractive non-destructive method which applies for short optical fibers, but requires connectors at both ends of the device under test (DUT) [3]. Concerning the loss measurement in optical waveguides, several techniques have been proposed such as the cut-back [4], the prism coupling [5], the scattered light measurement [6], the photo-thermal deflection [7], the internal modulation [8] and the Fabry-Perot interferometer methods [9][10][11]. The first approach is not always applicable because of its original problem of destruction.…”