The authors have developed a method to produce a microbeam of slow highly charged ions based on a self-organized charge-up inside a tapered glass capillary. A transmission of 8 keV Ar 8+ beam through the capillary 5 cm long with 800/ 24 m inlet/outlet inner diameters was observed stably for more than 1200 s. The transmitted beam had the same size as the outlet with a beam density enhancement of approximately 10 and a divergence of ±5 mrad. The initial beam was guided through a capillary tilted by as large as ±100 mrad, and it still kept the incident charge.
We present evidence of the focusing effects of fine glass capillary optics for MeV He ion beams. The glass capillary optics are formed by a puller as to have inlet diameters of about 1 mm and outlet diameters of submicrons. The total length of the optics is about 50 mm. Impingent MeV ions to such optics are reflected by the inner wall several times, in a very similar process to the so-called surface channeling. The majority of incident ions are lost by the dechanneling, or large-angle scattering process, however, a part of them, actually about 1% more or less, is emitted through the outlet without significant energy loss. Compared with the conventional micro-ion beam facilities, the present method is certainly simple and lowcost, thus providing an easy method of submicron Rutherford backscattering spectrometry or particle induced x-ray emission analyses. In addition, if the ion species are extended to heavier elements, the present method provides versatile maskless ion implantation techniques.
We present here a cell surgery scheme involving selective inactivation or disruption of cellular structures. Energetic ions are injected into a cell through a tapered glass capillary like a microinjection method. A slight but essential difference from microinjection is that a thin window is prepared at the outlet so that no liquid material can flow in or back through the outlet while still allowing energetic ions to penetrate into the cell. An ϳMeV He ion beam from such a capillary having 10 m outlet diameter inactivated a selected volume ͑ϳ m 3 ͒ of fluorescent molecules located in a HeLa cell nucleus.
When a gold film is vacuum evaporated at around 50 °C onto a clean surface of single-crystal silicon substrate, the adhesion of the film to the substrate is very strong, which suggests that some chemical reaction has taken place at the interface. Present study by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) concludes the occurrence of the above reaction which induces a diffuse interface region in order to relax (or minimize) the interface energy. For the relaxation of silicon (110) and (111) interfaces, at least 45 and 20 monolayers of gold are necessary, respectively. The phase of the thus-formed interface is concluded to be similar to that of the nonequilibrium solid alloy obtained by quenching from a solid Si–Au eutectic liquid.
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