Observation of damage evolution in polymer bonded explosives using acoustic emission and digital image correlation

Wang, Xian; Ma, Shuping; Zhao, Yushun; Zhou, Zhongbin; Chen, Pengwan

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.08.006

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The challenges in predicting the mechanical behaviour of PBXs up to failure are due to the filler volume fraction ( ) which can be in excess of 90 % (Banerjee and Adams, 2004), the highly non-linear, time-dependent behaviour of the matrix phase (Drozdov, 1999;Williamson et al, 2008) and the complex behaviour of the interface between the filler and matrix phases (Bailey et al, 1992;Tan et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2008). The damage mechanisms within and between the individual constituents and their contributions to macroscopic failure under a multitude of loading conditions including tension and compression in dynamic and quasi-static conditions continues to be a topic of current research interest (Ellis et al, 2005;Herrmann et al, 2015;Li et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011;Yeager et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical multi-scale models for mechanical response prediction of highly filled elastic–plastic and viscoplastic particulate composites

Li-Mayer

Lewis

Connors

et al. 2020

Computational Materials Science

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Though a vast amount of literature can be found on modelling particulate reinforced composites and suspensions, the treatment of such materials at very high volume fractions (>90 %), typical of high performance energetic materials, remains a challenge. The latter is due to the very wide particle size distribution needed to reach such a high value of . In order to meet this challenge, multiscale models that can treat the presence of particles at various scales are needed. This study presents a novel hierarchical multiscale method for predicting the effective properties of elasto-viscoplastic polymeric composites at high . Firstly, simulated microstructures with randomly packed spherical inclusions in a polymeric matrix were generated. Homogenised properties predicted using the finite element (FE) method were then iteratively passed in a hierarchical multi-scale manner as modified matrix properties until the desired filler was achieved. The validated hierarchical model was then applied to a real composite with microstructures reconstructed from image scan data, incorporating cohesive elements to predict debonding of the filler particles and subsequent catastrophic failure.The predicted behaviour was compared to data from uniaxial tensile tests. Our method is applicable to the prediction of mechanical behaviour of any highly filled composite with a non-linear matrix, arbitrary particle filler shape and a large particle size distribution, surpassing limitations of traditional analytical models and other published computational models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical multi-scale models for mechanical response prediction of highly filled elastic–plastic and viscoplastic particulate composites

Li-Mayer

Lewis

Connors

et al. 2020

Computational Materials Science

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“…The typical nonlinear phenomenon is the generation of second harmonics, i.e., the formation of a harmonic frequency that is double the frequency of the fundamental input frequency, which results from waveform distortion in the time domain. The use of second harmonic generation has been reported in numerous studies to assess the micro-damage of materials [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and characterize material degradation [ 17 , 18 ]. It has been shown that nonlinear ultrasonic waves can be used for the evaluation of material nonlinearity and hence are taken as the sensitive indicators for early stage damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic Nonlinear Behavior in Granular Polymer Bonded Explosives with Progressive Fatigue Damage

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2017

Materials

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The measurement of acoustic nonlinear response is known as a promising technique to characterize material micro-damages. In this paper, nonlinear ultrasonic approach is used to characterize the evolution of fatigue induced micro-cracks in polymer bonded explosives. The variations of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to fatigue cycles in the specimens are obtained in this investigation. The present results show a significant increase of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to fatigue cycles. The experimental observation of the correlation between the acoustic nonlinearity and fatigue cycles in carbon/epoxy laminates, verifies that an acoustic nonlinear response can be used to evaluate the progressive fatigue damage in the granular polymer bonded explosives. The sensitivity comparison of nonlinear and linear parameters of ultrasonic waves in the specimens shows that nonlinear acoustic parameters are more promising indicators to fatigue induced micro-damage than linear ones. The feasibility study of the micro-damage assessment of polymer bonded explosives by nonlinear ultrasonic technique in this work can be applied to damage identification, material degradation monitoring, and lifetime prediction of the explosive parts.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] During storage and transportation, PBXs are subject to various loads and prone to deformation and damage from micro-cracks initiated by widely distributed manufacturing defects within the material. 6 Therefore, the inspection of mechanical response in PBX subject to external load is of great importance for characterizing the material as well as for the design of new PBXs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear viscoelastic properties of TATB-based polymer bonded explosives modified by a neutral polymeric bonding agent

Lin

Liu

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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The neutral polymeric bonding agent (NPBA) was selected to enhance the interface adherence between 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystals and fluoropolymer. The interfacial performance of the composites was investigated by the measurement of contact angle and the interfacial bonding mechanism was studied by XPS analysis. The results indicate that a hydrogen bond between TATB and NPBA is formed. The mechanical analysis of the TATB-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) revealed that the storage modulus, the mechanical strength and the elongation at break of the formulation modified by NPBA were improved. The creep behaviors of the TATB-based PBXs with and without NPBA were also investigated at different temperatures and stresses. Reduced creep strain and steady-state creep strain rate and prolonged creep failure time were observed for the modified formulation, suggesting enhanced creep resistance performance. The creep experimental data were evaluated using a six-element mechanical model and the long-term creep performance of the materials was predicted using the time-temperature superposition principle. The creep behavior up to 6.0 years at 30 C/4 MPa could be predicted by the short-term experimental data (5400 s) acquired at 30-80 C under 4 MPa.The application of NPBA provides an efficient route to reinforce, toughen, and improve the creep resistance of explosive composites, such as TATB-based PBXs in this study.

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Observation of damage evolution in polymer bonded explosives using acoustic emission and digital image correlation

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Hierarchical multi-scale models for mechanical response prediction of highly filled elastic–plastic and viscoplastic particulate composites

Hierarchical multi-scale models for mechanical response prediction of highly filled elastic–plastic and viscoplastic particulate composites

Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic Nonlinear Behavior in Granular Polymer Bonded Explosives with Progressive Fatigue Damage

Non-linear viscoelastic properties of TATB-based polymer bonded explosives modified by a neutral polymeric bonding agent

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