Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic Nonlinear Behavior in Granular Polymer Bonded Explosives with Progressive Fatigue Damage

Zhang, Yang; Tian, Yuanyu; Li, Weibin; Zhou, Haiqiang; Zhang, Wei-Bin; Li, Jingming

doi:10.3390/ma10060660

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…It has established itself well in many industries and continues to expand its application [8][9][10]. Existing studies indicate the feasibility of using to determine the degree of heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the body coefficients of nonlinearity of the second and third orders [9,[11][12] ࢼ = , ()…”

Section: Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of the Body Using Ultrasound Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ultrasonic cleaning process control based on its current state evaluation

Morkun

Kravchenko

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Ultrasonic cleaning is one of the most promising types of cleaning in terms of environmental friendliness, cost and efficiency. The condition of the cleaning body must be taken into account for optimal control of the ultrasonic cleaning process. This allows you to irradiate only those areas that really need it. The modelling of the process of ultrasonic cleaning of bodies of different configurations and the analysis of the parameters of ultrasonic responses at different stages of cleaning were performed. This allowed us to identify the parameters by which the assessment of the process should be formed. The main parameter was the change in the time of receipt of the threshold value of the signal, and the auxiliary - the change of the nonlinearity coefficient of the second order. The change in the time of receipt of the threshold value of the signal is an indicator of dirt peeling, and the change in the nonlinearity coefficient demonstrates the approach to the final result of cleaning. These parameters became clear input data for the 3-D fuzzy interval controller. The functions of affiliation were defined and the base of rules was formed. Modelling of the ultrasonic cleaning process using the established method of estimating the course of the process and the use of 3-D fuzzy interval controller showed about 35%energy savings.

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Section: Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of the Body Using Ultrasound Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ultrasonic cleaning process control based on its current state evaluation

Morkun

Kravchenko

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Metal materials are widely used in practical engineering applications, but long-term in-service work makes them prone to failure due to fatigue damages. The linear acoustic method is invalid for detecting fatigue damages of materials, while the finite amplitude sound wave can produce obvious waveform distortion when it propagates through a medium with fatigue damages, which has been proven to be an effective method for evaluating fatigue damages in metal materials [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Acoustic Modeling and Measurements during the Fatigue Process in Metals

2019

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The nonlinear spring model combined with dislocation dipole theory was applied to describe the acoustic nonlinearity during the fatigue process in metals. The spring stiffness changes with fatigue degree. For the early stage, spring stiffness approaches infinity, and the heavier nonlinearity mainly results from the increase of dislocation density. Further fatigue leads to the occurrence of micro-cracks, during which spring stiffness begins to decrease. Abundant micro-crack sprouting accelerates the crack’s expansion, and spring stiffness drops quickly, which causes the obvious decline in the transmitted harmonic amplitudes. Solutions obtained from the nonlinear wave equation with dislocation terms were added into the spring model. Varying spring stiffness was chosen for simulating the fatigue process. Then, nonlinear harmonic variation during this process was observed, which was classified into three stages: (I) the early dislocation fatigue stage; (II) the micro-crack sprouting stage; (III) the crack expansion stage. Nonlinear acoustic measurements were carried out on an aluminum alloy specimen during its fatigue process until cracks could be seen clearly. Harmonic variations in experiments can also be classified into the same three stages as the numerical results, which provides a theoretical and experimental reference for fatigue evaluation in metals using the nonlinear acoustic method.

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“…NRUS has been shown to be sensitive to damage in a wide variety of materials including concrete, bone, and composites [15,22,23]. Additionally, a study of the classical nonlinearity of polymer-bonded granular explosives found that b increased as the sample underwent fatigue cycling [24]. Therefore, nonlinear techniques have the potential to be a quick, portable method to measure the damage (e. g.: crack density, crystal coarsening) as a result of aging, and the bearing these have on explosives sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Predicting Sensitivity to Initiation in Granular High Explosives

Schulze

Pittman

Sjue

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) is a technique that can measure bulk nonlinear coefficients of the nonlinear elastic modulus for a material. NRUS has been used to identify damage in a variety of granular materials including rocks and concrete. Some energetic materials, such as Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN), are commonly fielded as pressed granular compacts. It is well known that the sensitivity to initiation of these materials is heavily dependent on their microstructure, and that microstructure changes naturally (becomes damaged) over time. In this study, we examine the use of NRUS to identify changes in microstructure between pristine and thermally aged PETN pellets. In particular, we examine the relationship between the bulk hysteretic nonlinearity, α, of the pellets and time spent at temperature, powder specific surface area (SSA), and sensitivity to initiation. We find that, in general, α does not increase uniformly for all pellets within a single thermal aging condition. However, when the pellets are test fired to determine sensitivity to initiation, there is a strong correlation between α and firing voltage threshold. NRUS‐measured α has the added benefit that the measurements can be made in situ and on benchtop scales.

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Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic Nonlinear Behavior in Granular Polymer Bonded Explosives with Progressive Fatigue Damage

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Spatial ultrasonic cleaning process control based on its current state evaluation

Spatial ultrasonic cleaning process control based on its current state evaluation

Nonlinear Acoustic Modeling and Measurements during the Fatigue Process in Metals

Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Predicting Sensitivity to Initiation in Granular High Explosives

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