Obesity‐related Changes in High‐density Lipoprotein Metabolism

Abstract

Obesity is associated with a 3‐or‐more‐fold increase in the risk of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (1,2,3,4,5,6). The American Heart Association has reclassified obesity as a major, modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (7). The increased prevalence of premature coronary heart disease in obesity is attributed to multiple factors (8,9,10). A principal contributor to this serious morbidity is the alterations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. The dyslipidemia of obesity is commonly manifested as high plasma triglyceride levels, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and normal low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) with preponderance of small dense LDL particles (7,8,9,10). However, there is a considerable heterogeneity of plasma lipid profile in overweight and obese people. The precise cause of this heterogeneity is not entirely clear but has been partly attributed to the degree of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. The emergence of glucose intolerance or a genetic predisposition to familial combined hyperlipidemia will further modify the plasma lipid phenotype in obese people (11,12,13,14,15).

Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potential of Prosopis cineraria bark

“…The impaired ability of insulin to inhibit free fatty-acid release leads to elevated hepatic VLDL-cholesterol production (36). The increased VLDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease the level of HDL-cholesterol and increase the concentration of small dense LDL-cholesterol particles by activation of lipoprotein lipase and lecithin acyl-cholesterol transferase (37). In our study, elevated levels of serum TC, TG, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol and decreased HDLcholesterol concentration in alloxan-induced diabetic mice are in accordance with the previous research findings (38).…”

Perfil metabólico de riesgo cardiovascular y resistencia a la insulina según índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y cintura hipertrigliceridémica en pacientes adultos

“…En relación al colesterol total y LDLc, por lo general, se incrementan ligeramente o se mantienen dentro de los límites normales, lo cual concuerda con lo encontrado en este trabajo. Los mecanismos metabólicos que explican los cambios observados se asocian a RI y han sido ampliamente revisados 25,26 .…”

Dyslipidemia in diabetic nephropathy

“…TG-rich HDL can be hydrolyzed by LPL or hepatic TG lipase (HTGL), thereby becoming lipid-poor HDL which is filtered by the glomeruli and degraded in renal tubular cells [4]. Insulin has been shown to play an important role in the production of apoA-I, which is a major apolipoprotein of HDL [17,18]. As such, reduced insulin action is potentially involved in the low HDL levels in type 2 diabetes, especially complicated with DN.…”