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ABSTRACT

Benzo [α] pyrene (B[α]P) and cyclophosphamide (CP) are potent carcinogens/mutagens. Effect of Emblica officinalis extract administration on the in vivo genotoxi-city of B[α]P and CP was studied using bone marrow chromosomal aberration and micronucleus induction tests in mice. Three doses (50,250 and 500mg/kgbodyweight) oftheplant extractwere administered orallyfor 7 consecutive days prior to the administration of single dose of mutagens (B[α]P 125 mg/kg oral; CP 40 mg/kg i.p.). It was found that administration of 250 and 500 mg/kg of E. officinalis extract significantly inhibited the genotoxi-city of B [α] P as well as CP in both the assay systems. Administration of 50 mg/kg of the plant extract had no inhibitory effect. Vitamin C, a major constituent of E. officinalis when administered at dose level of 9 mg/kg b.w. (the approx-imate estimated amount present in the highest dose of plant extract, i.e. 500 mg) for 7 days did inhibit chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induction, but not in a significant manner. Effect of administration of the abovementioned effective doses (250 and 500 mg/kg oral for 7 days) of plant extract and vitamin C (9 mg/kg oral for 7 days) on the hepatic activation and detoxification enzymes was also studied. Significant induction in the levels of glutathione content (GSH) and of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes viz., glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) resulted from plant extract treatment to animals. On the other hand, cytochrome P 450 level was significantly decreased in the plant-extract-treated animals. There was no significant change in cytochrome P 450, GSH contents and activities of enzymes on treatment with vitamin C. The data indicate that the possible mechanism of inhibition by plant extract is mediated by its modulatory effect on hepatic activation and disposition processes.

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Background:Chronic pelvic pain is prevalent in 2% of women population globally. The etiology is multifactorial. Even in the absence of pelvic pathology, there is a subgroup of women who do not respond to analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Chronic pelvic pain can be inhibited by direct inhibition of impulses in the preganglionic afferent neuron by closing the hypothetical gate in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is based on the gate control theory of abolishing the painful stimuli by providing simultaneous inputs in larger myelinated nerve fibers.Aims and Objectives:This study was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of TENS in idiopathic chronic pelvic pain.Methods:It is a prospective, experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS versus placebo in reducing pain severity in chronic pelvic pain (G1 = 30, G2 = 32, G3 = 30, and G0 = 30). Patients with chronic pelvic pain due to benign lesions of genital tract, gastrointestinal, and renal disorders were excluded from the study after performing an ultrasound study of abdomen and pelvis. Ten treatment sessions (5 sessions/week) of 30 min were conducted.Observations and Results:There was a significant improvement in pain scores in TENS group as compared with control group, and two patients were completely pain free following TENS therapy.Conclusion:In women patients with idiopathic chronic pelvic pain, TENS can be a useful intervention. TENS units are safe, economical, and easily commercially available.

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