Obesity is associated with altered gene expression in human tastebuds

Archer, Nicholas; Shaw, Jan; Cochet-Broch, Maeva; Bunch, R. J.; Poelman, A.A.M.; Barendse, W.; Duesing, Konsta

doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0303-y

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A recent study described the overexpression of RNA transcripts for various inflammatory markers in the fungiform taste buds of obese human subjects. [ 26 ]. Kaufman et al reported this to be a probable cause of their finding of reduced density of fungiform papillae and taste buds in college students who showed increased adipose tissue over a period of 4 years [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of PTC Taste Status with Fungiform Papillae Count and Body Mass Index in Smokers and Non-Smokers of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Khan

Al-Jandan

Bugshan

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is a bitter compound that is similar in taste to the polyphenols present in most vegetables and fruits. The human taste response towards this compound influences dietary preference, which has a bearing on an individual’s body mass index (BMI). Another factor that influences taste perception is fungiform papillae count. This, in turn, is governed by genetic factors or deleterious habits such as smoking. Establishing a link between all the above factors could lead to a wider understanding of obesity, which is a global health issue. PTC taste response, BMI, and fungiform papillae were recorded and statistically analyzed between two groups—smokers and nonsmokers. There was no statistically significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers with regard to PTC tasting ability. However, there was a significant inverse relationship between BMI and PTC tasting ability and fungiform papillae count both in smokers and nonsmokers. Thus, it can be inferred that as BMI increases, there is a lower likelihood of experiencing the bitter taste of PTC. Additionally, the ability to taste PTC decreases with diminishing numbers of fungiform papillae. Smoking does not affect bitter PTC tasting ability despite negatively affecting fungiform papillae count.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of PTC Taste Status with Fungiform Papillae Count and Body Mass Index in Smokers and Non-Smokers of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Khan

Al-Jandan

Bugshan

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Differences in bitter taste perception have also been associated with bitter taste receptor mRNA levels in taste cells [89,90], suggesting that gene expression is another factor to consider when the relationship with health measures is studied. Moreover, recent findings showed that the gene expression profile of fungiform taste papillae differs between lean and obese subjects [91]. Together, these findings highlight the need to conduct future studies to clarify their association.…”

Section: From Genetic Variations In Food Preference Genes To Healthmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Brief Review of Genetic Approaches to the Study of Food Preferences: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

et al. 2019

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Genetic variation plays a crucial role in individual differences in food preferences which ultimately influence food selection and health. Our current understanding of this pathway has been informed through twin studies (to assess the heritability of food preferences), candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, most of this literature is mainly focused on genes previously identified as having taste or smell functions. New data suggests that genes not associated with taste or smell perception may be involved in food preferences and contribute to health outcomes. This review highlights these emerging findings and suggests a polygenic risk assessment approach to explore new relationships between food preferences and health risks.

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“…Shh plays a crucial role in taste bud development during embryogenesis but also in TBC renewal throughout life. A study from 2019 shows a differential genome wide gene expression pattern of human fungiform taste buds between lean and obese which includes Shh [ 3 ]. How obesity might affect this differential gene expression pattern was not elucidated.…”

Section: How Does Obesity Affect Taste Bud Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The taste tissue on the tongue has now been shown to be affected by these challenges. A reduction in the number of taste buds was related to inflammatory processes during obesity [ 9 ], a different gene expression pattern of papillae fungiformis was shown in lean versus subjects with obesity [ 3 ] and several hormones and/or their cognate receptors are found in taste cells with a role in mediating taste sensation. As the sense of taste on the level of taste buds is a highly dynamic process and influenced by dietary and metabolic factors, this raises the question about how this knowledge can be translated into future therapeutic approaches in the treatment or prevention of obesity.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consequences of Obesity on the Sense of Taste: Taste Buds as Treatment Targets?

2020

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Premature obesity-related mortality is caused by cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical disabilities, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. Obesity is caused by a positive energy balance due to hyper-caloric nutrition, low physical activity, and energy expenditure. Overeating is partially driven by impaired homeostatic feedback of the peripheral energy status in obesity. However, food with its different qualities is a key driver for the reward driven hedonic feeding with tremendous consequences on calorie consumption. In addition to visual and olfactory cues, taste buds of the oral cavity process the earliest signals which affect the regulation of food intake, appetite and satiety. Therefore, taste buds may play a crucial role how food related signals are transmitted to the brain, particularly in priming the body for digestion during the cephalic phase. Indeed, obesity development is associated with a significant reduction in taste buds. Impaired taste bud sensitivity may play a causal role in the pathophysiology of obesity in children and adolescents. In addition, genetic variation in taste receptors has been linked to body weight regulation. This review discusses the importance of taste buds as contributing factors in the development of obesity and how obesity may affect the sense of taste, alterations in food preferences and eating behavior.

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Obesity is associated with altered gene expression in human tastebuds

Cited by 39 publications

References 63 publications

Correlation of PTC Taste Status with Fungiform Papillae Count and Body Mass Index in Smokers and Non-Smokers of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Correlation of PTC Taste Status with Fungiform Papillae Count and Body Mass Index in Smokers and Non-Smokers of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

A Brief Review of Genetic Approaches to the Study of Food Preferences: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Consequences of Obesity on the Sense of Taste: Taste Buds as Treatment Targets?

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