Oat hull composites from conjugated natural oils

Fabrication of bio-based epoxy–clay nanocomposites

“…[11][12][13] Functionalization, copolymerization with petroleum based monomers, and addition of nano-reinforcement or fiber reinforcement have been applied to improve polymer thermal and/or mechanical properties. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Various thermoset polymers ranging in properties from flexible rubber to hard plastic have been synthesized from vegetable oils, e.g., by Larock and coworkers. [23][24][25] In general, modified or unmodified vegetable oils have been copolymerized with styrene, divinylbenzene or dicyclopentadiene by free radical, 26 cationic, 20 or ring-opening metathesis 27 as higher performance, hybrid materials.…”

Data-Driven Approach to Decipher the Role of Triglyceride Composition on the Thermomechanical Properties of Thermosetting Polymers Using Vegetable and Microbial Oils

“…The partial incorporation of vegetable oils is typical for a polymerization scheme such as this, and the plasticizing effect of long fatty acid chains, unreacted triglycerides, and oligomers is deemed beneficial in terms of the mechanical response of the material, counterbalancing the brittleness normally imparted by the use of DVB as a comonomer and cross-linker. 6,8 Collectively, the FT-IR and Raman spectra, in conjunction with the DSC analysis and Soxhlet extraction, demonstrate the first suitable polymer synthesis from microbial sourced oils.…”

“…These C–C double bonds can be further chemically modified generating conjugated, epoxidized, or acrylated vegetable oils to increase reactivity and alter polymer properties . Complementing these vegetable oil-based, thermosetting polymers with additives can further strengthen the material and form biocomposites. − For example, addition of rice hulls to a linseed oil-based polymer and oat hulls to a conjugated soybean oil-based polymer altered the thermal and mechanical properties, with the glass transition temperature ( T g ) varying from 27 to 122 °C. , Likewise, supplementation of collagen with tung oil (an oil that natively contains >85% of triply conjugated fatty acids) resulted in a polymer with a similar T g , but a 2-fold improvement in flexural strength as compared to the unreinforced polymer . While these examples highlight the flexibility of this radical-based polymer synthesis scheme, the exact role of fatty acid composition and speciation on polymer performance remains unclear.…”

Matrices from vegetable oils, cashew nut shell liquid, and other relevant systems for biocomposite applications

“…In this system, optimum properties were obtained for clay loadings between 2 and 3 wt%. 53 With the new trend on the use of biorenewable materials, bio-based composites with higher biorenewable content were prepared by reinforcing vegetable oil-based thermosetting resins with spent germ, 54 soybean hulls, 55 corn stover, 56 wheat straw, 57 rice hulls, 18 wood flour, 58 oat hulls, 59 and sugar cane bagasse. 60 In these composites, peroxides were effective free radical initiators for the polymerization of the carbon-carbon double bonds in the oils and in the other comonomers [DVB, n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), and maleic anhydride (MA)].…”