Fabrication of bio-based epoxy–clay nanocomposites

Improved mechanical properties of epoxy-based composites with hyperbranched polymer grafting glass-fiber

“…[56] However, GF-HBPH may aggregate easily especially when the fiber concentration is above the percolation threshold. [57] FESEM micrograph of composite with 5wt% GF-HBPH (Fig. 4f) shows the present of aggregation of GF-HBPH.…”

Development of biobased polymer/clay nanocomposites

“…This method has been chosen by industrial sectors to produce polymer/clay nanocomposites. However, it is not applicable to the fabrication of biobased polymer/clay nanocomposites based on thermosetting materials such as epoxy and polyester due to their high viscosities (Wypych and Satyanarayana, 2005;Wang et al, 2014). Therefore, the fabrication of biobased thermosetting polymer/clay nanocomposites is mainly based on solution intercalation or in situ polymerization.…”

“…However, it is also worth mentioning that their mechanical and thermal properties are worse than those of conventional polymers due to the plasticizing effect, low reactivity, and lower cross-link density at high biodegradable contents (Shabeer et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2014). According to Khot et al (2001), increasing the renewable polymer content in acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) polymers resulted in decreased tensile strength and tensile modulus when compared to standard styrene polymer.…”

“…However, the properties of polymer/clay bionanocomposites are also known to be affected by the compatibility and reactivity of biopolymers and nanoclays, their manufacturing methods and processing parameters (Liu et al, 2005;Bourbigot et al, 2008;Haq et al, 2009b;Takada et al, 2009;Chivrac et al, 2010;Ojijo and Sinha Ray, 2013;Wang et al, 2014). Several processing parameters that can influence the interactions between nanoclay particles and polymer molecules are known as (1) clay dispersion (Bur et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2006;Barbas et al, 2013;Kaboorani et al, 2013), (2) clay modification (Kornmann et al, 2002;Triantafillidis et al, 2002;Le Pluart et al, 2005;Ha et al, 2007), (3) compatibility between nanoclays and polymer matrices (Wypych and Satyanarayana, 2005;Dong and Bhattacharyya, 2008;Alzina et al, 2012;Nakamura et al, 2012;Dong and Bhattacharyya, 2012), and (4) catalyst of curing agents for thermosetting materials (Kornmann et al, 2001;Wu et al, 2006;Liu and Li, 2010).…”

The effect of core–shell particles on the mechanical performance of epoxy resins modified with hyperbranched polymers

“…However, the CSPs may be easily agglomerated especially when the CSP concentration exceeds the percolation threshold. 45 Aggregation can induce stress concentration and result in crack initiation and a reduction in interfacial interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. 46 In conclusion, epoxy thermosets with excellent impact resistance are obtained.…”