O olho na hepatite C: uma revisão

Abstract

| This review aims to caution ophthalmologists about the ocular consequences leading to the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection. In addition, in this context, the effects of old and new drugs are discussed in the ophthalmological setting. The importance of early diagnosis and the curative treatment of the disease has been reported in the national and international literature, demonstrating that its progression has important implications for daily clinical and surgical ophthalmological practice. Despite the scarcity of studies on new direct-acting antiviral drugs, fewer side effects of these drugs have been shown when compared with conventional interferon treatment with or without ribavirin. The ophthalmologist's risk of becoming infected, as demonstrated by the presence of the virus in ocular structures, and the possibility of contamination, is also discussed.Keywords: Hepatitis C/ complications; Hepatitis C/drug therapy; Interferon/therapeutic use; Direct-acting antiviral drugs RESUMO | Esta revisão objetiva alertar os oftalmologistas sobre as consequências oculares que levam ao diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da Hepatite C. Além disso, neste contexto, os efeitos de drogas antigas e novas são discutidos no cenário oftalmológico. A importância do diagnóstico precoce e do tratamento curativo da doença tem sido relatada na literatura nacional e internacional, demonstrando que sua progressão tem implicações importantes para a prática oftalmológica diária. Apesar da escassez de estudos sobre novos medicamentos antivirais de ação direta, foram demonstrados menos efeitos colaterais desses medicamentos quando comparados ao tratamento convencional com interferon, com ou sem ribavirina associado ou não à rivabirina. O risco do oftalmologista de se infectar, como demonstrado pela presença do vírus nas estruturas oculares, e a possibilidade de contaminação, também é discutido.Descritores: Hepatite C/complicações; Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico; Interferon/uso terapêutico; Drogas antivirais de ação direta

Increased Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Nationwide Population-Based Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study in Taiwan

“…The specific mechanism through which chronic HCV infection causes AMD remains unclear. The pathogenesis of ocular changes may be the direct action of viral and immunological reactions to certain viral antigens and even immune complexes [ 27 ]. On the basis of the findings of their in vitro experiments, Pazienza [ 35 ] reported that HCV itself possesses regulatory genes that can cause ocular pathology.…”

“…Recently, dry eye disease [ 25 ] and ischemic retinopathy caused by either HCV-induced vasculitis [ 20 ] or interferon treatment [ 25 , 26 ] have been reported to be strongly associated with the ocular manifestations of HCV infection. The pathogenesis of ocular changes may be the direct action of viral and immunological reactions to certain viral antigens and even immune complexes [ 27 ]. However, evidence suggesting an association of between HCV infection and AMD is limited.…”

Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis associated with a superbug: A comprehensive literature review on hepatitis C virus infection

“…22 The occurrence of cirrhosis and other associated complications can be mitigated if the physician detects the initial HCV infection symptoms and makes use of the available therapy. 23…”