Abstract:RESUMOA criptococose, conhecida desde 1905, é doença grave, causada pelo Crypto¬ coccus neoformans. Nesta entidade o estudo do líquido cefalorraquiano é muito importante visto que o sistema nervoso está envolvido em 81% dos casos 5 . O propósito do presente trabalho é o de evidenciar as alterações do líquido cefalorraquiano inicial nas meningencefalites criptocócicas e demonstrar a importância de exame minucioso do líquido cefalorraquiano para o diagnóstico precoce desta doença. O material é constituído por 46… Show more
“…In Brazil, the honorable professor Dr. Carlos da Silva Lacaz and his master, Dr. Floriano de Almeida, first reported cryptococcosis, here describing the two first reports in 1941 and 1944 respectively, according to REIS-FILHO et al 73 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Several Brazilian authors have related chemocytologic aspects of CFS on cryptococcosis associated or not to AIDS, but a specific pattern of the disease does not exist 24,35,72,73,92,93 . The capsule, a morphologic aspect that distinguishes the genre Cryptococcus sp is considered an important factor of yeast virulence 38 ; however, there are cases described of the disease caused by a non-capsulated agent or by low capsule production 17,37,82 .…”
SUMMARYCryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The disease occurs in patients with cellular immunodeficiency. The incidence of cryptococcosis arises with AIDS, and mycosis is one of the opportunistic infections that defines AIDS. After the HAART era the occurrence of cryptococcosis decreased all over the world, but it still continues to be a prevalent disease in Brazil. Thus, we consider this paper to be very important as a result of our reviewing of Brazilian literature regarding some relevant aspects of that disease.
“…In Brazil, the honorable professor Dr. Carlos da Silva Lacaz and his master, Dr. Floriano de Almeida, first reported cryptococcosis, here describing the two first reports in 1941 and 1944 respectively, according to REIS-FILHO et al 73 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Several Brazilian authors have related chemocytologic aspects of CFS on cryptococcosis associated or not to AIDS, but a specific pattern of the disease does not exist 24,35,72,73,92,93 . The capsule, a morphologic aspect that distinguishes the genre Cryptococcus sp is considered an important factor of yeast virulence 38 ; however, there are cases described of the disease caused by a non-capsulated agent or by low capsule production 17,37,82 .…”
SUMMARYCryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The disease occurs in patients with cellular immunodeficiency. The incidence of cryptococcosis arises with AIDS, and mycosis is one of the opportunistic infections that defines AIDS. After the HAART era the occurrence of cryptococcosis decreased all over the world, but it still continues to be a prevalent disease in Brazil. Thus, we consider this paper to be very important as a result of our reviewing of Brazilian literature regarding some relevant aspects of that disease.
“…are globally distributed, and until 1955, prior to the availability of antifungals especially amphotericin, cryptococcosis was inevitably fatal 19 . Today, mortality remains high, particularly in the endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa, a setting where access to healthcare is limited and the number of HIV infected individuals is high 20 - 21 . In developed countries, the observed drop in mortality rate can be explained by early diagnosis and wide availability of antiretroviral therapy 22 .…”
There is a consensus that the antifungal repertoire for the treatment of cryptococcal infections is limited. Standard treatment involves the administration of an antifungal drug derived from natural sources (i.e., amphotericin B) and two other drugs developed synthetically (i.e., flucytosine and fluconazole). Despite treatment, the mortality rates associated with fungal cryptococcosis are high. Amphotericin B and flucytosine are toxic, require intravenous administration, and are usually unavailable in low-income countries because of their high cost. However, fluconazole is cost-effective, widely available, and harmless with regard to its side effects. However, fluconazole is a fungistatic agent that has contributed considerably to the increase in fungal resistance and frequent relapses in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Therefore, there is an unquestionable need to identify new alternatives or adjuvants to conventional drugs for the treatment of cryptococcosis. A potential antifungal agent should be able to kill cryptococci and "bypass" the virulence mechanism of the yeast. Furthermore, it should have fungicidal action, low toxicity, high selectivity, easily penetrate the central nervous system, and widely available.In this review, we describe cryptococcosis, its conventional therapy, and failures arising from the use of drugs traditionally considered to be the reference standard. Additionally, we present the approaches used for the discovery of new drugs to counteract cryptococcosis, ranging from the conventional screening of natural products to the inclusion of structural modifications to optimize anticryptococcal activity, as well as drug repositioning and combined therapies.
“…A criptococose é uma doença grave e uma importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade em todo o mundo, principalmente em indivíduos imunodeprimidos; geralmente adquirida por inalação de Cryptococcus neoformans, com determinação primária de uma primoinfecção pulmonar, assintomática ou não; em seguida, uma disseminação hematogênica e a instalação em outros sítios anatômicos, principalmente no Sistema Nervoso Central, provocando uma meningoencefalite, pele, linfonodos e ossos provocando uma relação sistêmica no organismo humano (REIS-FILHO et al, 1985;REOLON;PEREZ;MEZZARI, 2004;BIVANCO;MACHADO;MARTINS, 2006;REZENDE et al, 2009;CONTIN et al, 2011).…”
Section: Relação Socioambiental E De Políticas Públicas Existentes Enunclassified
A criptococose é uma micose sistêmica provocada principalmente por Cryptococcus neoformans; através do cosmopolitismo desse fungo, possui nos pombos urbanos (Columba livia) seu principal hospedeiro assintomático que, por ora, é um bioindicador negativo de qualidade ambiental. Este estudo possuiu caráter descritivo e realizou um levantamento em diferentes bases de dados- LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo-, com o intuito de relacionar a incidência de criptococose, a ocorrência de pombos urbanos com os aspectos de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental e políticas públicas de enfrentamento a esse agravo. Com notificação não compulsória, não há dados concretos acerca da incidência de tal fungemia; portanto, dentre os mecanismos de controle do principal agente transmissor, que são os pombos urbanos, há os processos educativos, são os mais efetivos, tais que colaboram na elaboração de políticas públicas eficazes e mitigadoras, além de precaver a necessidade de mudança na perspectiva socioambiental tanto para a sociedade quanto para o poder público.
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