Cryptococcosis: a review of the brazilian experience for the disease

Pappalardo, Mara C. S. M.; Melhem, M. S. C.

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652003000600001

Cited by 91 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…A review of cryptococcosis Brazilian experience was published in 2003 by PAPPALARDO & MELHEM 23 , showing the great importance of this disease for morbidity and mortality rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

Baroni

Paula

Silva

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYCryptococcosis has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Aids. Many reservoirs of the agent Cryptococcus neoformans have been reported, but the ecology of this yeast must be elucidated in order to establish surveillance programs and to prevent infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. neoformans in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil. Ten churches were selected for sampling and detection of the yeast collecting pigeon dropping, air samples from church towers and neighboring areas during one year. The data demonstrated that C. neoformans has been present in every church selected and was present in 37.8% of 219 pigeon dropping samples. As well as, the yeast was isolated from soil, insects, eggs, pigeon nests and feathers. Fifteen air samples (4.9%) were positive. The growth on C.G.B. medium showed that all strains belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans, with 98.8% of the strains belonging to serotype A.

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“…A review of cryptococcosis Brazilian experience was published in 2003 by PAPPALARDO & MELHEM 23 , showing the great importance of this disease for morbidity and mortality rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

Baroni

Paula

Silva

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…A epidemiologia da criptococose depende diretamente da espécie envolvida, sendo C. neoformans o principal causador da doença em indivíduos imunocomprometidos (Rodrigues et al 1999, Pappalardo & Melhem 2003. No entanto, C. gattii, além de afetar hospedeiros imunossuprimidos, causa a doença em indivíduos imunocompetentes (Duncan et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico da criptococose em animais de companhia

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(3):261-269, março 2014 261 RESUMO.-Sete casos de criptococose (seis gatos e um cão) foram estudados para estabelecer as características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico histopatológico dessa condição. Os dados complementares relacionados à epidemiologia, aos aspectos clínicos, à localização das lesões e às alterações macroscópicas foram obtidos dos protocolos de necropsias e biópsias. Na histologia, as leveduras foram observadas no interior de macrófagos ou livres no parênquima, associadas à reação inflamatória linfo-histioplasmocítica que variou de escassa a acentuada. Pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) as leveduras eram arredondadas, com célula central contendo um núcleo, circundada por um halo claro (cápsula geralmente não corada). As técnicas histoquímicas do ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), Grocott e Fontana-Masson (FM) foram utilizadas e evidenciaram a parede das células das leveduras. Pelo FM observou-se a melanina presente nessas células. As téc- Seven cases of cryptococosis (six cats and one dog) were studied to establish the determining histomorphological and histochemical characteristics in the histopathological diagnosis of this condition. Additional data related to the epidemiology, clinical aspects, sites of the lesions, and gross findings were obtained from the necropsy and biopsy protocols. Histologically, yeasts were observed inside macrophages or free in the parenchyma, associated with scarse to severe lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. In the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections, the yeasts were round, with a central cell containing a nucleus, surrounded by a clear halo (usually non-stained capsule). The techniques of periodic Schiff acid (PAS), Groccot (GMS), and Fontana-Masson (FM) were utilized and demonstrated the wall of the yeast cells. The FM stain showed the melanin present in these cells. The Alcian blue and Mayer's mucicarmin stains showed mainly the yeast polysaccharide capsule. The diameter of the cells ranged from 1.67 to 10.00µm and the full diameter of the encapsulated yeasts varied between 4.17 e 34.16µm. Yeast buddings were better observed through the PAS stain and were narrow based, simple or multiple, mainly in the opposite poles of the cells or forming chains. The definitive diagnosis of cryptococosis was established through the histopathological exam, based on the specific morphology of the agent (encapsulated yeast) and on histochemical proprieties, mostly in the cases without fungal culture.

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“…Existem vários fatores que podem contribuir para ocorrência de falha terapêutica, assim como podem existir fenótipos resistentes à terapêutica empregada. Os fenótipos resistentes podem ser identificados em uma população contendo vários agentes etiológicos por meio de testes de susceptibilidade in vitro os quais podem ser realizados por vários métodos disponíveis no mercado 25 .…”

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Primeira descrição da caracterização fenotípica e susceptibilidade in vitro a drogas de leveduras do gênero Cryptococcus spp isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e negativos, Estado de Mato Grosso

Favalessa

Ribeiro

Tadano

et al. 2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Foram avaliados 37 isolados de 10 pacientes HIV negativos e 26 positivos, em Mato Grosso. Exame direto, cultura e quimiotipagem de espécies foram realizados. Cetoconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol, fluconazol e anfotericina B foram avaliados. Foram identificadas 37 leveduras do gênero Cryptococcus spp sendo 26 de pacientes HIV- positivos (25 Cryptococcus neoformans e um Cryptococcus gattii) e 10 de HIV- negativos (cinco Cryptococcus neoformans e cinco Cryptococcus gattii). Considerando isolados clínicos (Cryptococcus neoformans) de HIV positivos observou-se resistência (8% e 8,7%) e susceptibilidade dose-dependência (20% e 17,4%) para fluconazol e itraconazol respectivamente. Para isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans oriundos de pacientes HIV negativos, observou-se susceptibilidade dose-dependência (40%) ao fluconazol. Os isolados de Cryptococcus gattii provenientes de pacientes HIV- negativos mostraram-se susceptíveis a todos os antifúngicos, exceto um isolado de Cryptococcus gattii que foi susceptível dose-dependente ao fluconazol (20%). O isolado proveniente do paciente HIV- positivo demonstrou resistência ao fluconazol (CIM > 256µg/mL) e itraconazol (CIM=3µg/mL).

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Cryptococcosis: a review of the brazilian experience for the disease

Cited by 91 publications

References 49 publications

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

Características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico da criptococose em animais de companhia

Primeira descrição da caracterização fenotípica e susceptibilidade in vitro a drogas de leveduras do gênero Cryptococcus spp isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e negativos, Estado de Mato Grosso

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