Nutritive value of Elrashad (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds grown in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Elrashad (Lepidium sativum L.) is a perennial plant that is cultivated in some regions of Saudi Arabia where the seeds are used for therapeutic and dietary purposes. The aim of this study was to obtain Elrashad seeds (Saudi cultivar) flour and analyse the flour for proximate, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids compositions. The results of study showed that Elrashad seeds contain high levels of protein (20.84%), fat (23.83%), and crude fibre (7.15%), on a dry weight basis. This study showed that Elrashad seeds may be considered as a good source of essential minerals, such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and iron. The fatty acid analysis showed that Elrashad seed oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (82.15%) such as the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (11.25%), and linolenic acid (30.07%). Further, results also revealed that Elrashad seed protein has fair amounts of essential amino acids, and the limiting amino acids are methionine and cysteine. These results may highlight the potential of Elrashad seeds as a source of chemical constituents that may be considered for human nutrition. Further studies are needed to investigate other nutritional aspects of Elrashad seeds. KEYWORDS Lepidium sativum,Elrashad seeds minerals fatty acids amino acids

Nutraceutical Profiling, Bioactive Composition, and Biological Applications of Lepidium sativum L.

“…In three studies from different regions (Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan), the highest mineral value of L. sativum seed was calculated for potassium (1193.95 ± 10.51; 785.0 ± 7.51; 1236.5 ± 1.67 mg/100 g) followed by phosphorus (514.59 ± 10.67; 616.50 ± 9.67; 608.63 ± 1.39 mg/100 g) [ 41 , 69 , 70 ], and the minimum mineral value was observed for molybdenum (0.43 ± 0.08 mg/100 g) [ 70 ].…”

“…The amino acid analyses showed different results in terms of the maximum and minimum amino acid value, and it was recorded for glutamic acid (19.33 ± 0.19 g/100 g protein) and methionine (0.97 ± 0.02 g/100 g protein) [ 70 ]; however, in another study, the highest amino acid value was measured for leucine (9.03 ± 0.007 g/100 g protein), and lowest amino acid values were measured for cysteine (0.80 ± 0.00 g/100 g protein) [ 69 ].…”

“…Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity sativum seed was calculated for potassium (1193:95 ± 10:51; 785:0 ± 7:51; 1236:5 ± 1:67 mg/100 g) followed by phosphorus (514:59 ± 10:67; 616:50 ± 9:67; 608:63 ± 1:39 mg/100 g) [41,69,70], and the minimum mineral value was observed for molybdenum (0:43 ± 0:08 mg/100 g) [70].…”

“…g/100 g protein ± SD)[69] Pakistan (g/100 g protein ± SD) (Met + Cys) 1:86 ± 0:000 - * Essential amino acids. DW: dry weight; SD: standard deviation.…”

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Lepidium Sativum-a Review

“…Fatty acid composition of Lepidium sativum seeds oil from Saudi Arabia included: (myristic 1.50, palmitic 8.80, stearic 3.49, oleic 23.49, linoleic 11.35, linolenic 30.07, arachidic 4.06, eicosenoic 12.60, erucic 4.64, saturated fatty acids 17.85, unsaturated fatty acid 82.15%). Amino acid composition of Saudi Arabia Lepidium sativum seeds: (essential amino acids: lysine 2.26±0.390, threonine 5.39±0.014, valine 6.24±0.007, methionine 1.06±0.000, cysteine 0.80, methionine+cysteine 1.86, isoleucine 5.21±0.014, leucine 9.03±0.007, phenylalanine 5.80±0.004, tyrosine 3.82±0.000, phenylalanine+tyrosine 9.62, histidine 3.51±0.007%) and (nonessential amino acids: arginine 2.89±0.000, aspartic acid 11.47±0.014, glutamic acid 19.68±0.028, glycine 6.49±0.014, alanine 5.85±0.007, serine 5.30±0.007%), and mineral composition: (potassium 785.0±7.51, phosphorus 616.50±9.67, calcium 253.0±1.04, sodium 40.50±0.05, iron 53.81±0.04, copper 1.90±0.09, zinc 4.10±0.07%) [33].…”