Abstract:Background: Children under five years are in the golden growth and development period; however, an excellent nutritional status must support optimal growth and development. The nutritional status of children under five years needs special attention. An overview of the nutritional status of children in a region is the first step to determine the factors that affect the nutritional status of children under five in that region. Method: This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Results: The resul… Show more
“…They were also lower when the data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, previous research has shown that significant factors associated with children's stunted growth include food insecurity [75,77], and not having a permanent place of residence [78]. Overall, reviews of the existing literature regarding growth delays among children aged under five years indicate that the most important socio-economic contributing factors are (i) parents' (and especially mothers') low education, (ii) low household income, (iii) food insecurity, and (iv) living in marginalized and deprived areas.…”
Background
The main cause of growth and development delays remains unknown, but it can occur as an interaction between genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors.
Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and social determinants of growth and developmental delays among children aged under five years in Qazvin, Iran.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 to December 2020 with participation of 1800 mothers with children aged 4–60 months who were referred to comprehensive health centers in Qazvin city, Iran. Structural and intermediate social determinants of health were assessed including: parents and children socio-demographic characteristics, families’ living and economic status, parents’ behavioral factors, household food security, mother’s general health, and perceived social support. Children’s growth was assessed based on their anthropometric assessment and their development was assessed using their age-specific Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models using SPSS software version 24 and Stata version 14.
Results
The prevalence of developmental problems in each domain were 4.28% for personal and social delay, 5.72% for gross motor delay, 6.5% for communication delay, 6.72% for fine motor delay, and 8% for problem-solving delay. The prevalence of weight growth delays was 13.56% and height growth delays was 4.66%. Communication, gross motor, and problem-solving delays were higher among children whose fathers’ smoked cigarettes. Fine motor delays were lower among mothers with education status of high school diploma and university degree vs. the under diploma group. Personal and social delay was significantly higher among families with fair economic status and lower among children when their fathers were employed (vs. unemployed). Weight and height growth delays were higher among mothers who had experienced pregnancy complications and household food insecure families, respectively.
Conclusion
There are different predictors of growth and developmental delay problems among Iranian children aged under five years including fathers’ smoking, families’ economic status, and household food insecurity as well as history of mothers’ pregnancy complications. The present study’s findings can be used to screen for at-risk of growth and developmental delays among children and could help in designing and implementation of timely interventions.
“…They were also lower when the data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, previous research has shown that significant factors associated with children's stunted growth include food insecurity [75,77], and not having a permanent place of residence [78]. Overall, reviews of the existing literature regarding growth delays among children aged under five years indicate that the most important socio-economic contributing factors are (i) parents' (and especially mothers') low education, (ii) low household income, (iii) food insecurity, and (iv) living in marginalized and deprived areas.…”
Background
The main cause of growth and development delays remains unknown, but it can occur as an interaction between genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors.
Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and social determinants of growth and developmental delays among children aged under five years in Qazvin, Iran.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 to December 2020 with participation of 1800 mothers with children aged 4–60 months who were referred to comprehensive health centers in Qazvin city, Iran. Structural and intermediate social determinants of health were assessed including: parents and children socio-demographic characteristics, families’ living and economic status, parents’ behavioral factors, household food security, mother’s general health, and perceived social support. Children’s growth was assessed based on their anthropometric assessment and their development was assessed using their age-specific Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models using SPSS software version 24 and Stata version 14.
Results
The prevalence of developmental problems in each domain were 4.28% for personal and social delay, 5.72% for gross motor delay, 6.5% for communication delay, 6.72% for fine motor delay, and 8% for problem-solving delay. The prevalence of weight growth delays was 13.56% and height growth delays was 4.66%. Communication, gross motor, and problem-solving delays were higher among children whose fathers’ smoked cigarettes. Fine motor delays were lower among mothers with education status of high school diploma and university degree vs. the under diploma group. Personal and social delay was significantly higher among families with fair economic status and lower among children when their fathers were employed (vs. unemployed). Weight and height growth delays were higher among mothers who had experienced pregnancy complications and household food insecure families, respectively.
Conclusion
There are different predictors of growth and developmental delay problems among Iranian children aged under five years including fathers’ smoking, families’ economic status, and household food insecurity as well as history of mothers’ pregnancy complications. The present study’s findings can be used to screen for at-risk of growth and developmental delays among children and could help in designing and implementation of timely interventions.
“…Penentuan status gizi tergambar dari ketercukupannya penyediaan zat gizi serta dapat diserap oleh tubuh dengan optimal. Status gizi balita perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, gambaran status gizi balita di suatu wilayah merupakan langkah awal untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi balita di wilayah tersebut (Nafia et al, 2021). Status gizi merupakan keseimbangan dari proses pemasukan dan pengolahan zat makanan oleh tubuh.…”
Status gizi dapat menggambarkan status kesehatan dari seseorang yang dihasilkan oleh keseimbangan antara pemasukan zat gizi dan kebutuhan tubuh terkait dengan zat gizi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan status gizi Balita pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Kota Ternate, serta partisipasi orang tua dalam kesehatan dan gizi anak. Tipe penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey pada 3 titik kecamatan di Kota Ternate yakni Ternate Barat, Tengah dan Selatan, dengan sampel Balita yang berjumlah 2798. Analisis data dengan bantuan aplikasi pencatatan dan pelaporan gizi berbasis masyarakat (e-PPGBM), wawancara serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Rata-rata status gizi Balita pada masa pandemi covid-19 di kota Ternate masih tergolong berada pada status normal, dengan 884 Balita. Yang mengalami gizi buruk sebesar 4 Balita, gizi kurang 12 Balita, Resiko gizi lebih 21 Balita, gizi lebih 6 Balita dan Obesitas sebanyak 4 Balita, dan 2) Masih belum adanya kesadaran Sebagian Orang tua dalam berpartisipasi untuk membawa anak di puskesmas atau posyandu setempat. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan edukasi pada orangtua agar mewujudkan keluarga yang sadar gizi.
“…Ketidakseimbangan gizi dalam tubuh anak akan menimbulkan masalah gizi yaitu masalah gizi kurang ataupun masalah gizi lebih. Di Indonesia, status gizi anak dibawah 5 tahun dimana yang menderita stunting sebesar 30,8%, prevalensi anak kurus dan sangat kurus sebesar 10,2% sedangkan untuk anak dengan status gizi gemuk sebesar 8% [4]. Pertumbuhan serta perkembangan terjadi peningkatan yang cepat pada usia 0 sampai dengan 5 tahun.…”
Section: Pendahuluanunclassified
“…Pertumbuhan serta perkembangan terjadi peningkatan yang cepat pada usia 0 sampai dengan 5 tahun. Usia ini merupakan "Golden Age" karena pada usia ini terbentuk dasar-dasar kemampuan indra, berpikir, berbicara dan pertumbuhan mental intelektual yang intensif [4] [5]. Golden age adalah masa tumbuh kembang anak yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan secara detail agar jika timbul suatu kelainan dapat segera terdeteksi lebih awal [5].…”
Section: Pendahuluanunclassified
“…Sangat penting melakukan mengecekan status gizi pada balita secara rutin sebagai upaya deteksi dini anak dengan masalah gizi. Upaya intervensi juga dilakukan dengan cepat agar masalah serius tidak segera muncul [4]. Cara untuk mengontrol pertumbuhan anak salah satunya dengan memeriksa status gizi lewat pengukuran antropometri yaitu berat badan anak di timbang, diukur Panjang/tinggi badannya serta lingkar kepala lalu diplotkan pada grafik pertumbuhan yang sesuai untuk umur serta jenis kelamin [7].…”
Nutrition is one of the determinants of the quality of human resources who are qualified, intelligent, healthy, and productive Continuous monitoring of the nutritional status of children is essential for the early detection of children with dietary problems. One way to monitor a child's growth is to screen for nutritional status. The purpose of this service activity is that KKM group 170 can participate in Posyandu activities and assist in carrying out healthy status checks to determine the nutritional status of children in the village of Responsibility. The method of examining the nutritional status of children is by measuring their weight and height. Some measure weight using dacin or stepping scales while measuring height using a length board or microtoise. Thirty-four children came to this Posyandu. The results of this service related to the examination of the nutritional status of children found that the majority who came to Posyandu were 20 men and 14 girls. For nutritional status, the majority are well nourished 79.42%, at risk of nutrition 2.94%, Obesity 5.88%, Overnutrition 2.94%, Undernutrition 5,88%, and suffering from malnutrition 2.94%.
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