Nutritional metabolites in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis (choy sum) at three different growth stages: Microgreen, seedling and adult plant

Zou, Li; Tan, Wee Kee; Du, Yuanyuan; Lee, Hui Wen; Xu, Liang; Lei, Jiajia; Striegel, Lisa; Weber, Nadine; Rychlik, Michael; Ong, Choon Nam

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129535

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, carnitine, amphetamine, hypusine, and other metabolites were the characteristics of the reproductive phase. Similar reports are available for Brassica rapa ( Zou et al, 2021 ) and Silybum marianum ( Khan et al, 2015 ) plants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Differential Gene Expression and Withanolides Biosynthesis During in vitro and ex vitro Growth of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

et al. 2022

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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal) is a medicinally important plant with withanolides as its major bioactive compounds, abundant in the roots and leaves. We examined the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on direct organogenesis, adventitious root development, withanolide biosynthetic pathway gene expression, withanolide contents, and metabolites during vegetative and reproductive growth phases under in vitro and ex vitro conditions. The highest shooting responses were observed with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.0 mg L–1) + Kinetin (KIN) (1.5 mg L–1) supplementation. Furthermore, BAP (2.0 mg L–1) + KIN (1.5 mg L–1) + gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.5 mg L–1) exhibited better elongation responses with in vitro flowering. Half-strength MS medium with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1.5 mg L–1) exhibited the highest rooting responses and IBA (1.0 mg L–1) with highest fruits, and overall biomass. Higher contents of withaferin A (WFA) [∼8.2 mg g–1 dry weight (DW)] were detected in the reproductive phase, whereas substantially lower WFA contents (∼1.10 mg g–1 DW) were detected in the vegetative phase. Cycloartenol synthase (CAS) (P = 0.0025), sterol methyltransferase (SMT) (P = 0.0059), and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR) (P = 0.0375) genes resulted in a significant fold change in expression during the reproductive phase. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed metabolites that were common (177) and distinct in reproductive (218) and vegetative (167) phases. Adventitious roots cultured using varying concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg L–1) + IBA (1.0 mg L–1) + GA3 (0.2 mg L–1) exhibited the highest biomass, and IAA (0.5 mg L–1) + IBA (1.0 mg L–1) exhibited the highest withanolides content. Overall, our findings demonstrate the peculiarity of withanolide biosynthesis during distinct growth phases, which is relevant for the large-scale production of withanolides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Differential Gene Expression and Withanolides Biosynthesis During in vitro and ex vitro Growth of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

et al. 2022

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“…Because of the unique flavor and taste of cruciferous plants and its tenderness, Chinese flowering cabbage enjoys the reputation of “the crown of vegetables.” It is rich in nutrients such as proteins and vitamin C, and secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates (GSLs), which are beneficial for human health ( Johnson, 2018 ). Particularly, the flower stalks and buds have the highest nutritional content; therefore, it is popular among consumers ( Zou et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is rich in nutrients such as proteins and vitamin C, and secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates (GSLs), which are beneficial for human health (Johnson, 2018). Particularly, the flower stalks and buds have the highest nutritional content; therefore, it is popular among consumers (Zou et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Glucosinolate Content and Metabolism Related Genes in Different Parts of Chinese Flowering Cabbage

Feng

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Glucosinolates (GSLs) are important secondary metabolites that play important defensive roles in cruciferous plants. Chinese flowering cabbage, one of the most common vegetable crops, is rich in GSLs and thus has the potential to reduce the risk of cancer in humans. Many genes that are involved in GSL biosynthesis and metabolism have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; however, few studies investigated the genes related to GSL biosynthesis and metabolism in Chinese flowering cabbage. In the present study, the GSL composition and content in three different organs of Chinese flowering cabbage (leaf, stalk, and flower bud) were determined. Our results showed that the total GSL content in flower buds was significantly higher than in stalks and leaves, and aliphatic GSLs were the most abundant GSL type. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the variations of GSL content, we analyzed the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in GSL biosynthesis and transport in different tissues of Chinese flowering cabbage using RNA sequencing; the expression levels of most genes were found to be consistent with the pattern of total GSL content. Correlation and consistency analysis of differentially expressed genes from different organs with the GSL content revealed that seven genes (Bra029966, Bra012640, Bra016787, Bra011761, Bra006830, Bra011759, and Bra029248) were positively correlated with GSL content. These findings provide a molecular basis for further elucidating GSL biosynthesis and transport in Chinese flowering cabbage.

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“…Levels of plant metabolites are strongly affected by variety characteristics, growth status as well as environmental factors ( Hounsome et al, 2008 , Zou et al, 2021 ). It is reported that color and shape of Tartary buckwheat seeds could be differentiated based on secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and anthraquinones ( Yang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of polyphenols for in-depth understanding of Tartary buckwheat sprouts: Correlation between cultivars and active components, dynamic changes and the effects of ultraviolet B stress

et al. 2022

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Nutritional metabolites in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis (choy sum) at three different growth stages: Microgreen, seedling and adult plant

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Differential Gene Expression and Withanolides Biosynthesis During in vitro and ex vitro Growth of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Differential Gene Expression and Withanolides Biosynthesis During in vitro and ex vitro Growth of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Analysis of Glucosinolate Content and Metabolism Related Genes in Different Parts of Chinese Flowering Cabbage

Profiling of polyphenols for in-depth understanding of Tartary buckwheat sprouts: Correlation between cultivars and active components, dynamic changes and the effects of ultraviolet B stress

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