Nutritional constituents of mulberry and their potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals: A review

Jan, Bisma; Parveen, Rabea; Zahiruddin, Sultan; Khan, Mohammad Umar; Mohapatra, Sradhanjali; Ahmad, Sayeed

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.056

Cited by 108 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The microorganism used were all in active condition, this can be proven as the ciprofloxacin as well as penicillin showed a clear zone of inhibition. In addition, the bacteria strains utilized were susceptible towards MR as stated [15][16][17][18][19][20], therefore it was concluded that the extracts have no antibacterial activity at the concentration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/ml against gram negative. In the case of MIC test, the plant extract with the concentration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/ml were utilized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"MORUS RUBRA L: “Phytochemical Screening, Anti- Bacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity Determination"

Khan

2021

BJSTR

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Morus rubra L (MR), commonly known as red mulberry and is used as anti-phlogistic, diuretic, dysentery, expectorant and antidiabetic in the folk medicine. It belongs to the Moraceae family consists of a number of edible plants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and anti-hyperglycaemic activity of ethanolic maceration and Soxhlet fruit extracts of Morus rubra MR. Fruit extracts were prepared using cold maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods with 95% ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical analysis for the important bioactive constituents from both Soxhlet and maceration ethanolic extracts were carried out. The results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, reducing sugar, hexose sugar, galactose, amino acid, protein, neutral lipids, saturated fatty acids, terpenoid, glycosides included anthraquinones and coumarin glycosides, alkaloid, phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and the absence of polysaccharides, pentose sugar, saponins, cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides, free fatty acid, steroids as well as volatile oil in red mulberry. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic Soxhlet extract was determined by using broth tube dilution method to find out the relative MIC and MBC. For antimicrobial screening, Morica Rubra Soxhlet extract had no inhibitory or bactericidal effect against E. coli S. aureus. However, it showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus with equivalent MIC and MBC identified at the concentration of 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml.The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were carried out to identify the IC 50 value and the total amount of phenolic content of MR. The DPPH radical scavenging assay and total phenolic test were shown positive for the antioxidant activity of the MR. According to the results obtained, the IC50 was calculated for the BHT as well as MR extract, the value was 84.04µg/ml and 182.82µg/ml, respectively. However, it can be concluded that the MR are exhibiting antioxidant effect as it shows positive results for the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) as well as DPPH scavenging method. Furthermore, the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the ethanolic maceration extract was carried out in the alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, ethanolic fruit extracts of MR exhibited dose-depended antidiabetic activity. Finally it is concluded that Ethanolic fruit extracts of MR exhibited antioxidant, partial antimicrobial and significant antidiabetic activity in preclinical experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"MORUS RUBRA L: “Phytochemical Screening, Anti- Bacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity Determination"

Khan

2021

BJSTR

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“…This variation could be attributed to the differences in the production methods as well as the fruits used in the production of white mulberry molasses and black mulberry syrup samples. Although M. alba and M. nigra belong to the same genus, their physiochemical parameters are known to be different (Jan et al 2021). It is reported that there was a difference between black mulberry and white mulberry not only in terms of total phenolic and total organic acid content, but also in terms of phenolic substance and organic acid profiles (Gundogdu et al 2011).…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of phage and molasses interactions for the biocontrol ofE. coliO157:H7

et al. 2022

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Nowadays, resistance in pathogens against antibiotics is one of the most critical health-threatening problems in the world. Therefore, finding new treatment methods to be used as an alternative to antibiotics has become a priority for researchers. Like phages, certain products containing antimicrobial components such as molasses are widely used to eliminate resistant bacteria. Molasses has a strong antimicrobial effect on the bacterial cell, and this effect is thought to be due to the breakdown of the cytoplasmic cell membrane and cell proteins of the polyphenols in molasses. In the present study, phages-molasses interactions were investigated to examine the effects arising from concomitant use. It was found that molasses samples increased the size of phage plaques by up to 3-fold, and MIC and 1/2×MIC concentration of molasses increased the burst size of phages. Although no synergistic effect was found between the phage and the molasses, the antimicrobial activities of the components and the effect of molasses on phage activity were demonstrated.

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“…The major anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (C3G) in mulberry fruits possesses neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro, ischemic oxidative effect, strong α-glucoside inhibitory activity and radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide anion radicals [9]. Mulberry fruits have strong antioxidant properties, which are due primarily to the presence of polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids including riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) [10,11]. Some previous studies indicated that anthocyanins, rutin and polysaccharides present in mulberry extracts were the bioactive compounds preventing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and obesity [8,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mulberry extracts also exhibited antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulation effect and especially anti-tyrosinase activity [13][14][15]. The use of mulberry as tyrosinase inhibitor has become increasingly important in the cosmetic industry due to their skinwhitening effects [11]. Besides being antinociceptive, some mulberries were reported to exhibit antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Cutibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes [7,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit Extracts

Suriyaprom

Kaewkod

Promputtha

et al. 2021

Plants

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The fruit of mulberry trees (Morus sp.), mulberries, are traditionally utilised as a nutritional food and provide health benefits as well as skin nourishment in Thailand. White mulberries (Morus alba L.) from Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son provinces were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activities as well as the total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The aqueous extracts of mulberries exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, which was associated with a higher phenolic and anthocyanin content. In testing the potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae, the mulberry extracts proved to be quite efficient, especially following water extraction. Time-kill and antibacterial adhesion assays further indicated that aqueous mulberry extracts could inhibit bacterial growth and prevent adhesions of pathogenic enteric bacteria on intestinal epithelial cells. It thus appears that mulberries can potentially be consumed as a good source of antioxidants, containing antimicrobial properties against some pathogenic bacteria which cause gastrointestinal tract infections.

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Nutritional constituents of mulberry and their potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals: A review

Cited by 108 publications

References 87 publications

"MORUS RUBRA L: “Phytochemical Screening, Anti- Bacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity Determination"

"MORUS RUBRA L: “Phytochemical Screening, Anti- Bacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity Determination"

Investigation of phage and molasses interactions for the biocontrol ofE. coliO157:H7

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit Extracts

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