Nutritional and environmental factors affecting plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in rats

Nakahara, Keiko; Okame, Rieko; Katayama, Tetsuro; Miyazato, Minoru; Kangawa, Kenji; Murakami, Noboru

doi:10.1677/joe-10-0062

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Nakahara et al reported that leptin responds in a delayed fashion (>60 min) to acute stress [40] but the data presented in this study along with reports from Patterson-Buckendahl et al suggest that, in the fed state, leptin rises rapidly in response to acute stress and remains elevated throughout stressor exposure [41]. Rats fasted for 24 h, however, failed to demonstrate a leptin response to 10 and/or 100IS (Figure 4(d)).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

A Single Bout of Fasting (24 h) Reduces Basal Cytokine Expression and Minimally Impacts the Sterile Inflammatory Response in the White Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight F344 Rats

Speaker

Paton

Cox

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

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Sterile inflammation occurs when inflammatory proteins are increased in blood and tissues by nonpathogenic states and is a double-edged sword depending on its cause (stress, injury, or disease), duration (transient versus chronic), and inflammatory milieu. Short-term fasting can exert a host of health benefits through unknown mechanisms. The following experiment tested if a 24 h fast would modulate basal and stress-evoked sterile inflammation in plasma and adipose. Adult male F344 rats were either randomized to ad libitum access to food or fasted for 24 h prior to 0 (control), 10, or 100, 1.5 mA-5 s intermittent, inescapable tail shocks (IS). Glucose, nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), insulin, leptin, and corticosterone were measured in plasma and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in plasma, and subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and visceral compartments of white adipose tissue (WAT). In control rats, a 24 h fast reduced all measured basal cytokines in plasma and visceral WAT, IL-1β and IL-6 in subcutaneous WAT, and IL-6 in intraperitoneal WAT. In stressed rats (IS), fasting reduced visceral WAT TNF-α, subcutaneous WAT IL-1β, and plasma insulin and leptin. Short-term fasting may thus prove to be a useful dietary strategy for reducing peripheral inflammatory states associated with visceral obesity and chronic stress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

A Single Bout of Fasting (24 h) Reduces Basal Cytokine Expression and Minimally Impacts the Sterile Inflammatory Response in the White Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight F344 Rats

Speaker

Paton

Cox

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Ghrelin has been shown to inhibit insulin secretion in humans19 and ghrelin levels seem to be elevated in fasting conditions 20. Similarly, recent studies have suggested more direct effects of peptide YY on insulin sensitivity,21 but the role of peptide YY independent of food intake still needs to be confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of adiponectin levels and insulin demand in critically ill patients

Hillenbrand¹,

Weiß²,

Knippschild³

et al. 2011

DMSO

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Purpose:Intensive care unit patients usually have a deregulated glucose homeostasis and present with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, suggesting overall insulin resistance. Adiponectin has significant anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects and is diminished in morbidly obese and in critically ill patients. Reduced adiponectin could contribute to insulin resistance in these patients. We examined how far insulin demand in critically ill patients is correlated with patient adiponectin levels.Patients and methods:Adiponectin, resistin, leptin, insulin demand, minimal and maximal blood sugar levels, epinephrine, and hydrocortisone demand were measured 1 day after diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock in 25 patients (8 female, 17 male; median age 65 years; range: 31 to 87 years).Results:Insulin demand (range: 0–8 IU/h; median 3.5 IU) was positively correlated with serum adiponectin levels (median: 10.1 μg/mL; range: 2.9–47.6 μg/mL; r = +0.56, P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between insulin demand and leptin serum levels (median: 18.1 ng/mL; range: 0.3–80.7 ng/mL; r = +0.29, P = 0.08) or resistin serum levels (median: 103.9 ng/mL; range: 14.7–352.3 ng/mL; r = +0.13, P = 0.27). Epinephrine demand (median: 0.08 μg/kg*min; range: 0.02–0.63 μg/kg*min) was negatively correlated with male adiponectin levels (r = −0.58; P < 0.01; females: r = −0.36; P = 0.19) and positively correlated with resistin levels (r = 0.43; P = 0.02). Patient body mass index (median 26 kg/m2; range: 18–37) was positively correlated with serum leptin (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) but was not correlated with insulin demand (r = 0.19; P = 0.19), or adiponectin (females: r = −0.37, P = 0.18; males: r = −0.16, P = 0.27), or resistin levels (r = +0.17; P = 0.21).Conclusion:Adiponectin levels and insulin demand were positively correlated during sepsis. Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with epinephrine demand in male patients and epinephrine demand was positively correlated with resistin levels, which might have increased insulin resistance. The relationship between adiponectin and insulin action in humans is more complex than often suggested.

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“…These differences may be attributed to gene-gene interaction, racial differences, and environmental factors. Also, changes in environmental temperature and stress can affect the expression of leptin [53] and change the risk of breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin receptor Q223R polymorphism in Egyptian female patients with breast cancer

El-Hussiny¹,

Atwa²,

Rashad³

et al. 2017

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Aim of the studyBreast cancer is the most common cause of death in women. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. It induces chronic inflammation, which increases local and systemic levels of cytokines and adipokines such as leptin. Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes have several polymorphisms in humans. This study aims to assess the association between blood levels of leptin and LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism in patients of cancer breast.Material and methodsThe current study was carried on 48 female breast cancer patients and 48 heathy female subjects. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antibody CA15-3, and leptin hormone were determined. Single nucleotide polymorphism of LEPR Q223R was assessed by PCR/RFLP. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS version 20.ResultsThere were significant increases in the concentrations of CEA (p = 0.004), CA15-3 (p < 0.001), and leptin hormone (p < 0.001) in BC patients in relation to the respective concentrations in control subjects. CEA and CA 15-3 showed significant differences between various BC stages. As regard to LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism, AA genotype showed significantly higher frequency in BC patients when compared to their respective controls, with higher risk to develop BC.ConclusionsLeptin hormone shows significantly higher concentrations in BC patients. As regard to LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism, AA genotype showed significantly higher frequency in BC patients.

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Nutritional and environmental factors affecting plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

A Single Bout of Fasting (24 h) Reduces Basal Cytokine Expression and Minimally Impacts the Sterile Inflammatory Response in the White Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight F344 Rats

A Single Bout of Fasting (24 h) Reduces Basal Cytokine Expression and Minimally Impacts the Sterile Inflammatory Response in the White Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight F344 Rats

Association of adiponectin levels and insulin demand in critically ill patients

Leptin receptor Q223R polymorphism in Egyptian female patients with breast cancer

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