Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract

Abstract

Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract were determined. The fruit was procured from a garden in Trans‐Ekulu, Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. Mature undamaged Citrus maxima fruits were thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove contamination, dirt, and air‐dried. The peel was separated from the pulp. The pulp (100 g) was blended and filtered through a muslin cloth to obtain a clear juice. The peel (50 g) was macerated with 200 ml of ethanol for 20 min. The peel extract was filtered through filter paper. The supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation. The peel extract was weighed and stored in a plastic container until needed. Proximate, mineral, vitamins, antinutrient, and phytochemical composition of the juice and peel extract were determined using standard procedures. Citrus maxima peel extract contains significantly (p < .05) higher crude fiber (2.58%), fat (9.74%), ash (2.49%), and carbohydrate (71.57%) compared with Citrus maxima juice. Alkaloid, phenolics, and flavonoids were also significantly (p < .05) higher in the peel extract. The mineral composition revealed the order Ca > Na > Ph > Fe > Mg > K in the juice and Ca > Ph > Na > Fe > K > Mg in the peel extract. Vitamin C content of the juice and peel extract were 26.36 mg/100 g and 19.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Citrus maxima peel is highly nutritive and rich in phytochemicals, further research is recommended to investigate its therapeutic effect.

Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract

“…The anti-diabetic potential of Citrus maxima peel extract is associated with its wealth of phytochemicals. Earlier phytochemical analysis of Citrus maxima peel extract sourced from the same location as that used in the present study revealed high amount of alkaloid (3498.37 mg/100 g), phenolics (1799.07 mg/100 g), flavonoids (1511.74 mg/100 g) and saponin (24.51 mg/100 g) (Ani and Abel, 2018). Phytochemicals are bioactive non-nutrient plant compounds that have been proven to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes.…”

“…Antioxidants play important roles in inhibiting both free radicals and oxidative chain reactions within the tissues and cell membranes. Earlier study (Ani and Abel, 2018) reported a significant amount of antioxidant vitamins E and C in Citrus maxima peel extract. In addition to phytochemicals, the antidiabetic effect of Citrus maxima peel extract observed in the present study could be attributed to the antioxidant vitamins.…”

“…Citrus maxima by-products have been evaluated for their nutritive and bioactive compounds. The peel contains an appreciable amount of carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, water-soluble vitamins, and phytochemicals (Ani and Abel, 2018). Several studies have revealed a strong relationship between plant bioactive compounds and chronic disease risk reduction (Aanchal et al, 2019).…”

Addition of Orange Peel in Orange Jam: Evaluation of Sensory, Physicochemical, and Nutritional Characteristics

“…The industry uses very little of the waste for the production of pectin, molasses, fibers, oils [11], and animal food [12]. Nevertheless, these by-products contain high levels of vitamin C [13], thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium [14], as well as soluble and insoluble dietary fibers [15]. Fruit residues are also sources of bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids [16].…”

Optimization of de‐bittering process of mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel: Artificial neural network, Gaussian process regression and support vector machine modeling approach

“…Peel of the citrus fruits is considered to be rich in polyphenols than the inner edible portion of fruit. These polyphenols may possess antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory properties which can be utilized to develop functional foods (Ani & Abel, ). Citrus peel is rich in dietary fiber and ratio of soluble and insoluble dietary is higher compared to the cereals (Chau & Huang, ).…”