Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract

Abstract

Background. Diabetes is a serious public health problem which poses serious socioeconomic burden at the national and global level. Most synthetic agents for treating diabetes are expensive and not devoid of adverse effect hence, the need for continuous effort in the search for affordable and natural effective treatment of diabetes. This study investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of Citrus maxima peel extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups of seven rats with similar body weights. Diabetes was induced using alloxan and baseline data obtained. Rats in groups A, B, and C were administered with 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg of Citrus maxima peel extract per kg body weight/day, respectively for 14 days. Group D (control) received 200 mg of plain water per kg body weight/ day. Biochemical analyses of blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme activities were performed after the feeding trial. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21. Results. Citrus maxima peel extract significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the blood glucose level by 70.17%. The extract (600 mg) resulted in a percentage increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.43%) and decrease in total cholesterol (30.86%), triglyceride (10.58%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.20%). Liver enzyme activities of the control groups significantly increased while the treated groups showed no significant change. Conclusion. Citrus maxima peel extract has proven to be effective in diabetes management. However, use of standardized extract and proper laboratory tests are necessary.

Citrus species: Modern functional food and nutraceutical-based product ingredient

“…M. Leporini et al M. Leporini et al The effectiveness of Citrus maxima peels ethanol extract was suggested recently in the management of diabetes (Ani and Ochu, 2020). Indeed, the administration of this extract (600 mg/kg BW/day) for 14 days decreased the blood glucose level (70.17%), TA (30.86%), TG (10.58%), and LDL-cholesterol (10.20%).…”

Antidiabetic potential of medicinal plants from the Peruvian Amazon: A review

“…The antidiabetic effects of C. maxima peel on alloxan-induced diabetic adult male Wistar rats was investigated. Oral administration for 14 days of peel ethanolic extract at doses of 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg/kg body weight decreased significantly blood glucose levels by 62.05%, 70.17% and 63.73% respectively, while the diabetic control group increased by 41.76% (Ani & Ochu, 2020).…”

Citrus By-Products as a Valuable Source of Biologically Active Compounds with Promising Pharmaceutical, Biological and Biomedical Potential

“…These extracts have shown versatile health beneficial activities, due to the high content of biologically active compounds naturally present in the extracts [ 13 , 14 ]. Numerous studies have considered citrus extracts as a natural source of bioactive components exhibiting beneficial activities, including antioxidant [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], antibacterial [ 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], antidiabetic [ 17 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], neuroprotective [ 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and anti-inflammatory [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] activities, as well as antitumor [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] potential. Also, citrus by-products are considered a valuable source of phytochemicals (such as d -limonene, essential oils, phenolic acids, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids), which, isolated or in the form of mixtures/extracts, could exhibit versatile biological activities especially beneficial for the food industry [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”