Numerical study on butterfly wings around inclusion based on damage evolution and semi-analytical method

Abstract

Butterfly wings are closely related to the premature failure of rolling element bearings. In this study, butterfly formation is investigated using the developed semi-analytical three-dimensional (3D) contact model incorporating inclusion and material property degradation. The 3D elastic field introduced by inhomogeneous inclusion is solved by using numerical approaches, which include the equivalent inclusion method (EIM) and the conjugate gradient method (CGM). The accumulation of fatigue damage surrounding inclusions is described using continuum damage mechanics. The coupling between the development of the damaged zone and the stress field is considered. The effects of the inclusion properties on the contact status and butterfly formation are discussed in detail. The model provides a potential method for quantifying material defects and fatigue behavior in terms of the deterioration of material properties.

The effect of friction on surface crack initiation in rolling contact fatigue considering damage accumulation

“…The possible reason is that the inhomogeneous caused by the damage accumulation would take diagonally distributed high stress peaks around the damaged region. If there is a square damaged region, the positive and negative traction would change the high stress area from one diagonal of square to another 43 . This would explain the shallow cracks documented in gear contact fatigue, in which the crack propagates towards the pitch circle on the driver gear, and away from the pitch circle on the driven one 44,45 …”

“…If there is a square damaged region, the positive and negative traction would change the high stress area from one diagonal of square to another. 43 This would explain the shallow cracks documented in gear contact fatigue, in which the crack propagates towards the pitch circle on the driver gear, and away from the pitch circle on the driven one. 44,45 Figure 10 shows the damage rate of different regions of positive and negative sliding.…”

Interfacial mechanics investigation of transmission components under non-Newtonian lubrication conditions

“…Wang et al (2014a) investigated the contact between a flat-ended punch and a half-space embedded with inhomogeneities. Zhou et al (2021) studied the butterfly wings around inclusions under cyclic loading.…”

“…One well-known microstructural alteration phenomenon during rolling contact fatigue is the "butterfly wing" associated with crack initiation in the vicinity of inclusions which further leads to the failure of bearings. Some numerical models were conducted based on the FD method to simulate "butterfly wings" in cyclic contact loading (Zhou et al, 2021). However, the EHL that is commonly used to reduce friction loss has not been built into their models.…”