“…[3][4][5] In this type of furnace, CFs were heated indirectly via convective and irradiative heat transformation under inert gas protection, resulting in a slow heating rate, short life time of heating units as well as huge waste of energy. 6,7 During the past years, irradiation methods have attracted increasing interest and considerable efforts were paid to the irradiation of CFs. For example, electron, 8 plasma, 9 ion 10 and microwave 11 etc.…”