Numerical model of scattering radiation in the earth atmosphere for scientific investigations and applications

Revised and extended benchmark results for Rayleigh scattering of sunlight in spherical atmospheres

“…Most, if not all, plane-parallel techniques have been extended to the spherical case. This includes the Monte Carlo method [1, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 62, 63, 66-69, 81, 97] , discrete ordinates [2,12,16,17,24,[73][74][75][82][83][84] including low number of streams approximation [46,90,94] , two [60] and successive orders of scattering [6,21,43,59,87,96] , Gauss-Seidel iterations [23,34,52] , source integration for the first order of scattering [18,[91][92][93] , combined differential-integral approach [70][71][72] , finite-difference and addingdoubling [33] , invariant imbedding [3] , Eddington [89] , Picard iteration [19] , small-angle modification [22] , and Markov chain [95] . Only Monte Carlo models can simulate multiple scattering in true spherical geometry, while the other models can only offer corrections to the plane-parallel approach (pseudo-sphericity).…”