Numerical investigation of regional particle deposition in the upper airway of a standing male mannequin in calm air surroundings

Naseri, Arash; Abouali, Omid; Ghalati, Pejman Farhadi; Ahmadi, Goodarz

doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.06.007

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fig. 9 indicates the numerical results in this study are in good agreement with both reported data for particles smaller than 40 lm and matches Naseri's [49] data for particles larger than 40 lm.…”

Section: Verification For Particle Simulationsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…9. Aspiration ratio against particle size comparison between numerical results and reported experimental data by Hsu and Swift [48] and numerical data by Naseri and Abouali [49]. [50], and Schroeter et al [51].…”

Section: Verification For Particle Simulationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…To verify the particle tracking in the outside space, the aspiration ratio(AR) against particle size is simulated and compared with Hsu and Swift [48]'s experimental result and Naseri and Abouali [49]'s numerical result. Hsu's [48] work showed that breathing condition do not affect the aspiration ratio significantly, hence the flow rate in this validation is fixed to 15 L/min.…”

Section: Verification For Particle Simulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Detailed micro-particle deposition patterns in the human nasal cavity influenced by the breathing zone

2015

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Section: Verification For Particle Simulationsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Verification For Particle Simulationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Verification For Particle Simulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Detailed micro-particle deposition patterns in the human nasal cavity influenced by the breathing zone

2015

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“…Such an expanded study would require inclusion of the effect of the entire lower respiratory system on airflow and particle transport, as well as the need to use the full nasal model. In a recent work [57], the authors studied the facial effect on the distribution and focusing of the inhaled particles at the nostril under a steady inhalation condition. Extension of the present unsteady simulation to include the facial effect and effect of the surrounding environment are left for a future study.…”

Section: Pre-operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of airflow and micro-particle deposition in human nasal airway pre- and post-virtual sphenoidotomy surgery

Bahmanzadeh¹,

Abouali²,

Faramarzi³

et al. 2015

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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“…In the nano range (d < 100 nm), nasal deposition monotonically decreased with increase of particle size and the current simulation agreed well with experimental data. Observed variations, within tolerance of accuracy, were due to the experimental scattering, geometry variation between inhalation subjects, and variation in particle inhalation profiles (far field versus nostril, [56]). Based on the simulation, nasal and laryngeal deposition, as a function of flow rate Q ( m 3 /s ) and particle diffusivity D ( m 2 /s ) were developed (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined experimental and numerical study on upper airway dosimetry of inhaled nanoparticles from an electrical discharge machine shop

et al. 2017

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BackgroundsExposure to nanoparticles in the workplace is a health concern to occupational workers with increased risk of developing respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Based on animal inhalation study and human lung tumor risk extrapolation, current authoritative recommendations on exposure limits are either on total mass or number concentrations. Effects of particle size distribution and the implication to regional airway dosages are not elaborated.MethodsReal time production of particle concentration and size distribution in the range from 5.52 to 98.2 nm were recorded in a wire-cut electrical discharge machine shop (WEDM) during a typical working day. Under the realistic exposure condition, human inhalation simulations were performed in a physiologically realistic nasal and upper airway replica. The combined experimental and numerical study is the first to establish a realistic exposure condition, and under which, detailed dose metric studies can be performed. In addition to mass concentration guided exposure limit, inhalation risks to nano-pollutant were reexamined accounting for the actual particle size distribution and deposition statistics. Detailed dosimetries of the inhaled nano-pollutants in human nasal and upper airways with respect to particle number, mass and surface area were discussed, and empirical equations were developed.ResultsAn astonishing enhancement of human airway dosages were detected by current combined experimental and numerical study in the WEDM machine shop. Up to 33 folds in mass, 27 folds in surface area and 8 folds in number dosages were detected during working hours in comparison to the background dosimetry measured at midnight. The real time particle concentration measurement showed substantial emission of nano-pollutants by WEDM machining activity, and the combined experimental and numerical study provided extraordinary details on human inhalation dosimetry. It was found out that human inhalation dosimetry was extremely sensitive to real time particle concentration and size distribution. Averaged particle concentration over 24-h period will inevitably misrepresent the sensible information critical for realistic inhalation risk assessment.ConclusionsParticle size distribution carries very important information in determining human airway dosimetry. A pure number or mass concentration recommendation on the exposure limit at workplace is insufficient. A particle size distribution, together with the deposition equations, is critical to recognize the actual exposure risks. In addition, human airway dosimetry in number, mass and surface area varies significantly. A complete inhalation risk assessment requires the knowledge of toxicity mechanisms in response to each individual metric. Further improvements in these areas are needed.

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Numerical investigation of regional particle deposition in the upper airway of a standing male mannequin in calm air surroundings

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Detailed micro-particle deposition patterns in the human nasal cavity influenced by the breathing zone

Detailed micro-particle deposition patterns in the human nasal cavity influenced by the breathing zone

Numerical simulation of airflow and micro-particle deposition in human nasal airway pre- and post-virtual sphenoidotomy surgery

A combined experimental and numerical study on upper airway dosimetry of inhaled nanoparticles from an electrical discharge machine shop

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