Numerical Estimation of the Fluid Distribution Pattern in Human Dermal Regions With Heterogeneous Metabolic Fluid Generation

Abstract

The composition of fluid distribution in human body is consisting of various intra-cellular and extra-cellular fluids. Dehydration and other changes in the system may lead to various disorders and diseases in the normal functioning. It is therefore imperative to study the fluid distribution and its balance in the human body systems. In this study, we estimate the pattern of fluid in human dermal regions with heterogeneous metabolic fluid generation. The model is based on radial diffusion equation with appropriate boundary and interface conditions. The variational finite element method has been used to solve the model. The results of fluid concentrations at the dermal and subdermal regions were calculated and interpreted graphically at various levels of humidities and perspirations.

Tissue necrosis and passage of fluid due to cold stress from the thermally damaged human body peripherals: A mathematical model

“…Mercer and Sidhu [2007] established the mathematical model to understand the heat transport behavior through a new type of protective clothing that varies its properties with temperature. Khanday and Saxena [2010] and Khanday et al [2014] have estimated the fluid distribution in human dermal regions with the help of variational finite element method. They have realized that the concentration of fluid rapidly increases from dermal layer to the hypodermis and is negligible near epidermal layer.…”

“…Also, the overlinerier coefficients determining the flux at different interfaces of the regions have been taken into account based on the model established by Khanday et al [2014]. The variational finite element method has been employed to solve the bio-heat and mass diffusion equations together with boundary and interface conditions.…”

“…The passage of the residual fluid from the damaged area discharge to the skin surface. The content of water and other fluids from the wounded tissues has been obtained by incorporating the mass diffusion process determining the amount of fluid at various layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues studied by Khanday et al [2014]. The model equations together with the boundary conditions for the process are based on the diffusion equations initially proposed by Crank [1970].…”

Energy Balance Approach to Study the Role of Perspiration in Heat Distribution of Human Skin

“…where T is the temperature, c is the specific heat of tissue, ρ is the density of the tissue, k is the thermal conductivity of the system, S is the rate of metabolic heat generation, c b is the specific heat capacity of the blood, T A is arterial temperature, and m b is the blood mass flow rate. Although there are various methods to solve equation (8), for example, see Khanday et al [13,14], it can be easily solved for the steady state case, and consequently equation 8reduces to…”

Mathematical Simulation and Numerical Computation of the Temperature Profiles in the Peripherals of Human Brain during the Tepid Sponge Treatment to Fever

“…Aijaz et al [ 13 ] elaborated how the water that diffuses into the skin plays a significant role in the fluctuation of temperature profiles near the skin surface and subsequent regions. Khanday et al [ 14 ] estimated the fluid distribution patterns in human skin at various values of metabolic heat generation. Further, Tsunetsugu and Sugiyama [ 15 ] compared the physiological changes in the human body which is in direct contact with various materials especially wood.…”