Energy Balance Approach to Study the Role of Perspiration in Heat Distribution of Human Skin

Aijaz, Mir; Almanjahie, Ibrahim M.; Dar, Javid Gani

doi:10.1155/2020/3154908

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The change of temperature follows the principle of energy conservation [28], and the main parameters used in the water temperature model are shown in Table 1. The general equation for describing temperature of water in an open channel is as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for Assessing Heat Balance State along a Water Transfer Channel during Winter Periods

Cheng

Wang

Sui

et al. 2022

Water

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Ice problems in channels for water transfer in cold regions seriously affect the capacity and efficiency of water conveyance. Sometimes, ice problems such as ice jams in water transfer channels create risk during winter periods. Recently, water temperature and environmental factors at various cross-sections along the main channel of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China have been measured. Based on these temperature data, the heat balance state of this water transfer channel has been investigated. A principal component analysis (PCA) method has been used to analyze the complex factors influencing the observed variations of the water temperature, by reducing eigenvector dimension and then extracting the principal component as the input feature. Based on the support vector machine (SVM) theory, a new approach for judging the heat loss or heat gain of flowing water in a channel during winter periods has been developed. The Gaussian radial basis is used as the kernel function in this new approach. Then, parameters have been optimized by means of various methods. Through the supervised machine learning process toward the observed water temperature data, it is found that the air–water temperature difference and thermal conditions are the key factors affecting the heat loss or heat absorption of water body. Results using the proposed method agree well with those of measurements. The changes of water temperature are well predicted using the proposed method together with the state of water heat balance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for Assessing Heat Balance State along a Water Transfer Channel during Winter Periods

Cheng

Wang

Sui

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Heat transfer occurs between blood and tissues when a temperature difference exists between incoming arterial blood and outgoing venous blood. This model also suggests applying heat transfer to the metabolic process 59,60 . Mir et al 59 studied the energy balance approach in human skin.…”

Section: Thermal Principle and Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood vessels, such as veins and arteries, carry different temperatures and eventually affect energy rates. The Pennes' thermal model can provide cooling strategies for medical devices when human skin is exposed, particularly in abnormal behavior, such as inconsistent temperatures during medical treatment 59 …”

Section: Thermal Principle and Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model also suggests applying heat transfer to the metabolic process. 59,60 Mir et al 59 studied the energy balance approach in human skin. They used various principles, including Fourier's law of conduction, Newton's law of convection, and Stefan-Boltzmann's law of radiation, involved during heat transfer in human skin.…”

Section: Attachable Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pennes' thermal model can provide cooling strategies for medical devices when human skin is exposed, particularly in abnormal behavior, such as inconsistent temperatures during medical treatment. 59 From another point of view, the outer shell of a device has a constant temperature during contact with human skin. The epidermis, dermis, and hypothermis are thin compared with the thickness of the contact area wherein perfusion continuously cools the heated areas of the dermis and hypodermis.…”

Section: Attachable Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal management of wearable and implantable electronic healthcare devices: Perspective and measurement approach

2020

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Summary The performance of electronic devices, mostly in medical applications, has been investigated to determine whether they meet the requirements of healthcare monitoring and patient's satisfaction. Mobile health monitoring is preferable at present given the current innovations in handheld, wearable, and implantable devices. However, these applications require appropriate thermal management because they are attached directly to the human body and operate for a long period. Moreover, a sophisticated design with functional mobility necessitates proper thermal circulation during the process. This review provides the current research direction for cooling systems, the thermal working principle of wearable and implantable devices, and its implementation on design architecture. Then, the importance of internal and external functional properties in thermal management and their effects on device performance are discussed. Operating temperature is among the most important elements in monitoring thermal performance due to the tendency of tissue and component damages to occur after an increment of only 1°C or 2°C in temperature. Challenges and available solutions for thermal management are listed in detail to improve cooling methods and service to the healthcare field.

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Energy Balance Approach to Study the Role of Perspiration in Heat Distribution of Human Skin

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

A New Approach for Assessing Heat Balance State along a Water Transfer Channel during Winter Periods

A New Approach for Assessing Heat Balance State along a Water Transfer Channel during Winter Periods

Thermal management of wearable and implantable electronic healthcare devices: Perspective and measurement approach

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