Nucleic Acids

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Structure 2.1. Structure of DNA 2.2. Structure of RNA 3. Properties 3.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 3.2. Interaction with Proteins 4. Biosynthesis and Biological Function 4.1. DNA Replication 4.2. Gene Expression 4.2.1. Transcription 4.2.2. Translation 4.3. Modification and Degradation 4.4. Recombination 4.5. DNA Repair 4.6. Nucleic Acids as Enzymes 5. Isolation, Purification, and Transfer 6. Analysis of Nucleic Acids 7. Chemical Synthesis 7.1. Synthesis Strategy 7.2. Protecting Groups 7.3. Functionalization of the Support 7.4. Methods of Synthesis 7.5. Cleavage of Protecting Groups and Purification of Oligonucleotides 7.6. Synthesis of Modified Oligonucleotides 8. Uses 8.1. Hybridization Techniques for Nucleic Acid Detection 8.2. Labeling and Detection Systems 8.3. Amplification Systems 8.4. Applications of Probe Technology 9. Nucleosides and Nucleotides 9.1. Nucleosides 9.2. Nucleotides 9.3. Therapeutically Important Nucleoside and Nucleotide Derivatives

Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas on Isolated and Cellular DNA—A Review

“…Another factor affecting the stability of DNA structure is pH [ 138 ]. A pH of less than 4 (mildly acidic) results in the hydrolysis of the N -glycosidic bond, thus separating nucleobases from the deoxyribose backbone.…”

“…A pH of less than 4 (mildly acidic) results in the hydrolysis of the N -glycosidic bond, thus separating nucleobases from the deoxyribose backbone. A pH of less than 1 (very acidic) leads to hydrolysis of both the N -glycosidic bond and the phosphodiester bond separating nucleobases, deoxyribose and phosphates [ 138 ]. In comparison, a pH of more than 11.3 (basic) alters the polarity of hydrogen-bonded groups and causes the separation of the two complementary strands, leading to DNA denaturation [ 138 ].…”

Biotechnologie und Bioverfahrenstechnik – Vom ersten Ullmanns Artikel bis hin zu aktuellen Forschungsthemen

“…Von der Modifikation einzelner Moleküle, z. B. RNA 77, DNA 78, Aminosäuren 79, über sogenannte Nanomachines 80 – 82 und Reaktionskompartimente 83 – 85 bis zur Genese ganzer Organismen 86 stehen alle Ebenen der Biologie im Fokus der Forschung. Die Nukleinsäuren RNA und DNA zeigen in diesem Kontext ein weitreichendes Potential fernab ihrer ursprünglichen Funktion als Träger/Vektor der genetischen Information.…”