Novolak PF resins prepared from phenol liquefied Cryptomeria japonica and used in manufacturing moldings

Lee, Wen‐Jau; Chen, Yi‐Chun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.060

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Phenol-liquefied biomasses can be used to prepare resol and novolac phenolformaldehyde resins. [1][2][3][4] In another liquefaction system, polyliquefied biomasses can be used to prepare polyurethane resins. [5][6][7][8] Epoxy resin is one of the most important resins and has been widely used for various industry products, such as adhesives, coatings and moldings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing and thermal properties of copolymer epoxy resins prepared by copolymerized bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin with liquefied Dendrocalamus latiflorus

Lee

2010

Polym J

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Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro (ma bamboo) was liquefied in phenol or in polyethylene glycol/glycerol cosolvent, with H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. The liquefied bamboo was reacted with bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin to prepare copolymer epoxy resins. The thermal properties of resins during and after curing were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that a novel epoxy resin can be prepared by copolymerizing liquefied bamboo with bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin in a two-step process. DSC analysis showed that the copolymer epoxy resins prepared with phenol-liquefied bamboo had a curing behavior similar to that of neat epoxy resin, even when 50% of the bisphenol-A was replaced with liquefied bamboo. However, the reactivity of copolymer epoxy resins prepared with polyhydric alcohol-liquefied bamboo decreased as the substitution amount of liquefied bamboo increased. DMA showed that the storage modulus and tan d of cured copolymer epoxy resins decreased as the amount of substituted liquefied bamboo increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing and thermal properties of copolymer epoxy resins prepared by copolymerized bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin with liquefied Dendrocalamus latiflorus

Lee

2010

Polym J

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“…Liquefaction efficiencies for birch wood was reported to be of 90% and 100% in the presence of hydrochloric and sulphuric acid catalyst respectively at 150°C in two hours of reaction Alma 2002, Alma andAcemioglu 2004) which is in agreement with this study. Lee and Chen (2008) also reported 82% liquefaction of Japanese cedar in phenol at 1:2.5 liquid ratio with HCl as catalyst with reaction carried out at 130°C. The liquefaction with sulphuric acid catalyst was nearly 95% under the same conditions.…”

Section: Observedmentioning

confidence: 95%

Liquefaction behaviour of twelve tropical hardwood species in phenol

Kumar

Sethy

Chauhan

2018

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Liquefaction of ligno-cellulosic biomass is one of the chemical conversion technologies for developing new materials, adhesives and energy systems. The liquefaction process also provides an opportunity to utilize ligno-cellulosic wastes such as saw-dust, woody wastes, branches and twigs, agro-residues, etc. for the development of value added products. This paper presents the liquefaction behaviour of wood meal of twelve tropical hardwood species in phenol as liquefying media to produce chemically active liquid which has potential to be used as a raw material for developing different products. The liquefaction was carried out at 140°C temperatures for 120 minutes at different liquid ratios. In all the cases, a viscous and sticky black liquid was obtained after the stipulated reaction time. The liquefaction efficiency was found to vary with species and liquid ratio. The highest liquefaction efficiency of 93% was achieved in balsa wood at 1:3 (wood: phenol) liquid ratio. The liquefied wood and residues were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The liquefied wood was found to be highly acidic in nature. Viscosity of liquefied wood at higher liquid ratio was independent of wood species. Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between wood basic density and liquefaction efficiency.

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“…These higher values of nonvolatility might be caused by some of the phenol that would combine with the wood component to form some derivatives [5].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Phenol Liquefaction Of Woody Materials Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction processes and characterization of liquefied products from waste woody materials in different acidic catalysts

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Apaer³

et al. 2010

The Sustainable World

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The liquefaction process is one of the promising techniques for effective utilization of woody biomass, for the lignocelluloses can be converted to liquid reactive material, as eco-polymeric materials. Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica), as an abundant waste softwood material, was selected and used in our wood liquefaction experiment. In order to investigate the basic characteristics and potentially harmful metal contents, the composition and metal elements of waste woody samples had been determined, and based on the methods of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) and by an ICP-AES, separately. Then the waste woody samples were liquefied by a phenol wood liquefaction according to the orthogonal test L 9 (3 4 ), in order to obtain relatively less residue by different reaction conditions. It is thought that sulfuric acid plays an important role in retarding the condensation reaction during the acid-catalyzed phenol liquefaction because of the dehydration, and it can be summarized that the most influential factors of the wood liquefaction conditions were obtained within the setting ranges on four factors and three levels by using the orthogonal tests. In the acidic catalyst comparison experiment, as a result, when using concentrated sulfuric acid as the strong acidic catalyst, the minimum of residual content had reached 9.71%. According to these experimental results, the new liquefied samples demonstrated the relationships between some characteristics of liquefied products from waste woody materials through analyses of Japanese phenolic resin industry testing series such as viscosity, nonvolatility and so on. The results showed that whether the viscosity or novolatility the greatest changed of the liquefied materials had taken place in reaction time during the 6 hours. In addition, in order to find some structural changes and to clarify the mechanism of respective products, the analysis by combined phenol and free phenol was carried out in our further studies.

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Novolak PF resins prepared from phenol liquefied Cryptomeria japonica and used in manufacturing moldings

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Curing and thermal properties of copolymer epoxy resins prepared by copolymerized bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin with liquefied Dendrocalamus latiflorus

Curing and thermal properties of copolymer epoxy resins prepared by copolymerized bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin with liquefied Dendrocalamus latiflorus

Liquefaction behaviour of twelve tropical hardwood species in phenol

Liquefaction processes and characterization of liquefied products from waste woody materials in different acidic catalysts

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