Novel Bioactive Extraction and Nano-Encapsulation

Abstract

An extraction technology works on the principle of two consecutive steps that involves mixture of solute with solvent and the movement of soluble compounds from the cell into the solvent and its consequent diffusion and extraction. The conventional extraction techniques are mostly based on the use of mild/high temperatures (50–90 °C) that can cause thermal degradation, are dependent on the mass transfer rate, being reflected on long extraction times, high costs, low extraction efficiency, with consequent low extraction yields. Due to these disadvantages, it is of interest to develop non-thermal extraction methods, such as microwave, ultrasounds, supercritical fluids (mostly using carbon dioxide, SC-CO2), and high hydrostatic pressure-assisted extractions which works on the phenomena of minimum heat exposure with reduced processing time, thereby minimizing the loss of bioactive compounds during extraction. Further, to improve the stability of these extracted compounds, nano-encapsulation is required. Nano-encapsulation is a process which forms a thin layer of protection against environmental degradation and retains the nutritional and functional qualities of bioactive compounds in nano-scale level capsules by employing fats, starches, dextrins, alginates, protein and lipid materials as encapsulation materials.

Seasonal Variation, Fractional Isolation and Nanoencapsulation of Antioxidant Compounds of Indian Blackberry (Syzygium cumini)

“…Under constant stirring, 5 mL of saturated anhydrous sodium sulfate solution was added dropwise. A white precipitate settled down in the beaker and was separated out through filtration and completely dried at 60 °C [ 9 , 18 ].…”

“…This technique is particularly useful for application of bioactive materials in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The most common reasons for the use of nanoencapsulation are to protect components from loss of bioactivity from oxidation or thermal degradation, to reduce loss of volatiles, and for targeted drug delivery [ 9 ].…”

Effects of Novel Extraction Strategies on the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds and Associated Antioxidant Properties from Buckwheat Hull (Fagopyrum esculentum)

“…from fruits, nuts, and plant leaves, etc. [41]. In the present study, phenolic compounds were extracted from buckwheat hull employing both MAE and UAE strategies.…”

“…The results showed the maximum extraction yield can be achieved at 4 • C due to the degradation of bioactive compounds at high temperatures. Likewise, some research [41] showed that the degradation of many phenolic compounds, including pigments, occurred at a high temperature (ca. 80 • C).…”

Opportunities and Challenges of Plant Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural-Related Areas

“…Nevertheless, technological advances that promote large-scale production and generate high interest in the consumer market are demanded. Many of these strategies involve the action of ultrasound equipment, subcritical fluids, supercritical fluids, and enzyme-based extraction [27][28][29][30]. These technological advances promote higher concentrations than conventional methods such as Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and reflux methods, mainly due to the action of high pressures, temperatures and consequently, higher penetration of solvents into the plant matrix and prominent extraction of compounds [31].…”