Notificação da violência contra crianças e adolescentes por profissionais de saúde

Abstract

RESUMOEm relação ao sexo, prevaleceu a violência moral/psicológica (59%) e a sexual (100%) no feminino, e a violência física (46,1%) e a negligência (100%) no sexo masculino. Conclusão: Houve um aumento significativo no número de notificações, o que deu visibilidade ao problema. Tal fato demonstra uma necessidade de constante qualificação dos profissionais que participam no processo de atendimento às pessoas que sofreram ou que vivem em situações de violência e a importância do preenchimento efetivo e padronizado das fichas de notificações, pois as informações obtidas pelo seu preenchimento, além de dar visibilidade ao problema, são essenciais para a elaboração de políticas de atendimento consistentes e comprometidas com a realidade da infância vitimada. Palavras-chave: maus-tratos infantis; violência; criança; defesa da criança e do adolescente. ABSTRACTObjective: Describing the notifications of violence against children and adolescents at the 19th Health Region of Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study. All reports of violence against children and adolescents contained in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2010 and 2014 were used. The following variables were considered: gender, age, race, place of occurrence, recurrence, relationship to the victim and type of violence. Data were extracted and presented in tables in the form of absolute and percentage frequency. Results: During the study period, 40 reports of violence against children and adolescents were recorded in the municipalities of the 19th Health Region of Brejo Santo, representing 53.3% of the total 75 calls. There was an increase in reports of almost 1050%, from 3 notifications in 2010 to 23 reports in 2014. The psychological and moral violence had the highest number of notifications. Regarding gender, moral/psychological (59%) and sexual (100%) violence prevailed in females; physical violence (46.1%) and negligence (100%) prevailed in males. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the number of notifications, which gave visibility to the issue. This shows a need for constant qualification of the professionals who participate in the process of care for people who have suffered or who live in situations of violence; and the importance of effective and standardized filling of the notifications files; as information obtained by its filling, besides giving visibility to the issue, are essential for the development of consistent service policies, committed to the reality of victimized children.

Violations of fundamental rights of children and adolescents through violence

“…In this study, psychological violence was more often reported than physical violence. The literature presents a similar result, in which 53.6% of the reports referred to psychological violence and 31.7% to physical violence (11) . On the other hand, a study showed that physical violence preceded psychological violence.…”

“…A study found that sexual violence predominated in girls, of brown/black race, aged six to nine years, and the home environment was more likely to be the place where the act occurred (10) . Most cases of sexual violence analyzed in similar studies were found to be practiced against girls (11,17) .…”

“…Among the 17,900 cases analyzed, negligence predominated (47.5%), followed by physical (38.5%), sexual (37.0%) and psychological/moral (25.2%) violence (10) . Another research found psychological violence as the main violation, with 53.6% of the reports, followed by physical violence (31.7%), sexual violence (12.1%) and negligence/abandonment (2.4 %) (11) . However, notifications may represent breaches in the barrier of silence, because sexual abuse involves complex factors that often interfere with reporting.…”

“…xual abuse in children aged from 10 to 14 years (20); from 15 to 19 years (12); from five to nine years (5); and from one to four years (2). Under-five children were the ones less affected by violence in absolute numbers (11) .…”

Presumption of sexual abuse in children and adolescents: vulnerability of pregnancy before 14 years

“…This is a service that when performed together with qualified listening allows the identification of risk situations, reporting, and individualized assistance. Studies demonstrate (14)(15) that the increase in the number of reports favors is not synonymous with denunciation. In the case of children and adolescents who are victims of sexual abuse, only suspicion is sufficient to carry out the reporting (9) .…”