Notice of Retraction: Analyzing Early Market Potential and Strategies for Carpooling in China: A Case Study of Wuhan

Abstract

Carpooling has been proven to be an effective Transportation Demand Management (TDM) measure by foreign practices and is developing rapidly as a form of public spontaneous behavior in most cities of China. After the questionnaire was designed with revealed preference (RP) survey method and stated preference (SP) survey method, the authors implemented an intercept survey within Wuhan to explore carpooling familiarity, response and market potential. This paper mainly focuses on the status and potential of carpooling, the carpooling information access channels and the respondents' attitudes toward carpooling. Considering the different subgroups, a comparative analysis method is used to examine their different demographic characteristics, daily commuting modes, and main concerns on the advantages and disadvantages of carpooling. Then their different responses to carpooling incentive programs are analyzed followed. The results indicate a great potential demand for carpooling. While the difficulties in coordinating travel time and fare among carpoolers, the absence of the relevant law and policy and the insecurity factors are among the main obstacles for the further development of the carpooling. Based on the analysis results, some practical and constructive strategies are presented finally.

Carpooling: travelers’ perceptions from a big data analysis

“…Dynamic carpooling probably dates back to the early 1990s, but it has been successful only since 2012. As Friginal et al (2014) reported, recent studies carried out in China (Xin et al, 2009) have underlined an increasing interest in dynamic carpooling solutions, highlighting financial savings and traffic reduction as its main advantages. It is characterized by the possibility of organizing specific routes suddenly in exchange for the payment of a certain amount of money, thanks to the use of a mobile device with GPS and connected to a social network (Mallus et al, 2017).…”

Towards privacy-driven design of a dynamic carpooling system

“…However it is in the last 5 years when it has gained momentum in our society, specially in countries with high population density. For example, recent studies carried out in China [8], state the increasing interest of society in carpooling solutions, highlighting the cost saving and congestion reduction as the most important benefits. However, to address its dynamic decentralised deployment it is necessary to face some issues.…”

“…However, in practice, users are rarely warned in case the other party delays since there is not a continuous monitoring of user location. This problem, identified as complex for carpooling [8], has been explored in European projects such as Eureka-Celtic WiSafeCar 3 from a dynamic perspective. This project focused on studying the real-time problems of carpooling such as the scheduling and automated allocation of users, taking into account unforeseen events.…”

“…The work in [8] revealed privacy risks as an important drawback of current carpooling systems. The fact that the collection and transmission of personal data can also be used against the privacy of users, either at the transmission time (e.g., to send unwanted advertisement), or later in the future, is seen by users as an important threat.…”

“…The potential disputes between users is a significant problem identified in [8]. This problem has been addressed from a prevention viewpoint in traditional carpooling, i.e., by proposing matching mechanisms to enhance the compatibility between driver and passenger.…”