Notes on invasive and expansive trees and shrubs

Möllerová, J.

doi:10.17221/11844-jfs

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Unlike other European countries (Möllerová 2005;Riepšas and Straigytė 2008;Chmura 2013), Q. rubra is not considered invasive in Germany. It is less shade-tolerant than the main native tree species Fagus sylvatica L. and only little more shade tolerant than the native white oak species Q. robur L. (Vor and Lüpke 2004;Niinemets and Valladares 2006;Nagel 2015).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic variation of introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) stands in Germany compared to North American populations

et al. 2020

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Although Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the most important introduced deciduous tree species in Germany, only little is known about its genetic variation. For the first time, we describe patterns of neutral and potentially adaptive nuclear genetic variation in Northern red oak stands across Germany. For this purpose, 792 trees were genotyped including 611 trees from 12 stands in Germany of unknown origin and 181 trees from four populations within the natural distribution area in North America. Our marker set included 12 potentially adaptive (expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat = EST SSR) and 8 putatively selectively neutral nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) markers. Our results showed that German stands retain comparatively high levels of genetic variation at both EST-SSRs and nSSRs, but are more similar to each other than to North American populations. These findings are in agreement with earlier chloroplast DNA analyses which suggested that German populations originated from a limited geographic area in North America. The comparison between potentially adaptive and neutral microsatellite markers did not reveal differences in the analyzed diversity and differentiation measures for most markers. However, locus FIR013 was identified as a potential outlier locus. Due to the absence of signatures of selection in German stands, we suggest that introduced populations were established with material from provenances that were adapted to environmental conditions similar to those in Germany. However, we analyzed only a limited number of loci which are unlikely to be representative of adaptive genetic differences among German stands. Our results suggest that the apparent introduction from a limited geographic range in North America may go along with a reduced adaptive potential.

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Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic variation of introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) stands in Germany compared to North American populations

et al. 2020

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“…rubra is, among others, considered invasive in Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic and Lithuania. Reasons for this judgement are its high spreading ability on less fertile soil and negative impacts on the amount and diversity of microorganisms and below-canopy grass species ( Möllerová 2005;Branquart et al 2007;Riepšas and Straigytė 2008;Chmura 2013).…”

Section: Potential For Invasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Quercus rubra belongs to the section Lobatae, which is restricted to North America, it does not hybridise with native white oak species of the section Quercus (Magni Diaz 2004;Nagel 2015). Q. rubra is considered invasive in some European countries (Riepšas and Straigytė 2008;Chmura 2013;Möllerová 2005). A species is regarded as invasive when it is established, spreads on its own, dominates over native species and negatively affects ecosystem or human (Reichard and White / 4 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and differentiation of introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) in Germany in comparison with reference native North American populations

et al. 2019

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Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) was introduced to Europe in the late 17th century and is today the most important deciduous foreign tree species in Germany. Despite its importance little is known about the origin of local red oak stands and patterns of genetic variation in German red oak stands. To be able to make recommendations regarding the adaptive potential of red oak and the selection of provenances with respect to climate change, a better understanding of the genetic diversity and structure of German red oak stands is needed. Therefore, individuals from 62 stands in Germany and North America were genotyped at five chloroplast microsatellite loci to characterize chloroplast haplotype diversity and geographical structure. Compared to reference stands from the natural distribution range, German stands demonstrated a relatively low genetic differentiation among populations and represented only a fraction of the haplotype diversity found in North America. For several stands located in the south of Germany a considerably higher haplotype diversity was found. Therefore, we conclude that German stands originated from a limited geographic range within the natural distribution, which was possibly located in the northern part of the native distribution range. While most German stands showed signatures of founder effects due to originating from a small number of individuals within a limited range, particularly stands in the south of Germany could have benefited from admixture and multiple introductions of different North American provenances.

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“…The species is able to rapidly occupy new territories due to mass and frequent seed production, propagation of seeds by birds, resprouting from trunks and roots, and high rates of annual growth. It is an aggressive colonizer, capable of rapidly overtopping native tree species when introduced to new habitats (Csiszár et al 2013 ; Halarewicz 2011 ; Möllerová 2005 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light energy partitioning, photosynthetic efficiency and biomass allocation in invasive Prunus serotina and native Quercus petraea in relation to light environment, competition and allelopathy

2018

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This study addressed whether competition under different light environments was reflected by changes in leaf absorbed light energy partitioning, photosynthetic efficiency, relative growth rate and biomass allocation in invasive and native competitors. Additionally, a potential allelopathic effect of mulching with invasive Prunus serotina leaves on native Quercus petraea growth and photosynthesis was tested. The effect of light environment on leaf absorbed light energy partitioning and photosynthetic characteristics was more pronounced than the effects of interspecific competition and allelopathy. The quantum yield of PSII of invasive P. serotina increased in the presence of a competitor, indicating a higher plasticity in energy partitioning for the invasive over the native Q. petraea, giving it a competitive advantage. The most striking difference between the two study species was the higher crown-level net CO2 assimilation rates (Acrown) of P. serotina compared with Q. petraea. At the juvenile life stage, higher relative growth rate and higher biomass allocation to foliage allowed P. serotina to absorb and use light energy for photosynthesis more efficiently than Q. petraea. Species-specific strategies of growth, biomass allocation, light energy partitioning and photosynthetic efficiency varied with the light environment and gave an advantage to the invader over its native competitor in competition for light. However, higher biomass allocation to roots in Q. petraea allows for greater belowground competition for water and nutrients as compared to P. serotina. This niche differentiation may compensate for the lower aboveground competitiveness of the native species and explain its ability to co-occur with the invasive competitor in natural forest settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10265-018-1009-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Notes on invasive and expansive trees and shrubs

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic variation of introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) stands in Germany compared to North American populations

Genetic variation of introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) stands in Germany compared to North American populations

Genetic diversity and differentiation of introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) in Germany in comparison with reference native North American populations

Light energy partitioning, photosynthetic efficiency and biomass allocation in invasive Prunus serotina and native Quercus petraea in relation to light environment, competition and allelopathy

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