Not lost in contestation: How norm entrepreneurs frame norm development in the nuclear nonproliferation regime

Müller, Harald; Wunderlich, Carmen

doi:10.1080/13523260.2017.1394032

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…First-generation Constructivists focus on the structural power of socially constituted norms in a community with a given identity. For them contestation is relevant insofar as it can undermine or strengthen norm robustness – that is, the validity and facticity of norms (Sandholtz and Stiles 2009; Deitelhoff and Zimmermann 2013; Bower 2016; Zimmermann et al 2018; Müller and Wunderlich 2018). In this sense, they share the epistemology of first-wave scholars.…”

Section: First- and Second-generation Perspectives On Norm Contestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norm internalisation revisited: Norm contestation and the life of norms at the extreme of the norm cascade

Iommi

2019

Glob. Con.

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Abstract:Finnemore and Sikkink’s norms life cycle model (NLCM) is a powerful heuristic device that continues to be a mandatory point of reference for theoretical and empirical scholarship on norm change. Yet the internalisation stage as conceptualised in the NLCM is problematic. Drawing from Wiener’s Theory of Contestation, this article proposes to reconceptualise the norm internalisation stage as the phase at the extreme of the norm cascade in which inherently contested norms simultaneously enjoy formal validity, social recognition, and cultural validation among stakeholders. Unlike Finnemore and Sikkink’s, this conceptualisation focuses solely on norm validity and does not assume ‘almost automatic’ compliance. While Finnemore and Sikkink emphasise habit and institutionalisation as mechanisms of internalisation, the proposed conceptualisation highlights the role of applicatory contestation under conditions of high contestedness. Furthermore, I argue that internalised norms continue to be contested. Finally, my conceptualisation explicitly incorporates norm regression as the fourth stage of the NLCM. Norms might regress because they become obsolete, they change, or they are replaced. To assess the descriptive power of the proposed conceptualisation vis-à-vis Finnemore and Sikkink’s, the article applies them to the analysis of the norm that prohibits torture.

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Section: First- and Second-generation Perspectives On Norm Contestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norm internalisation revisited: Norm contestation and the life of norms at the extreme of the norm cascade

Iommi

2019

Glob. Con.

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“…On the other hand, countries present at the TPNW negotiations tend to be those that were less represented at the NPT RevCons. Again, it might be because these countries have less stake or fewer means, but the simple implication is that faced with inability to advance their preferences in the NPT Review Process (Müller and Wunderlich, 2018), 10 these countries decided to support the TPNW negotiations as an alternative.…”

Section: Macro-level Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in delegation size in multilateral diplomacy

Onderčo

2019

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations

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Why do some countries send big delegations to multilateral negotiations, whereas others send very small ones? This article looks at both the causes of variation in state delegations to multilateral conferences but also at the consequences of such variation at both micro-and macrolevel. It tests the arguments derived from liberal theory of international regimes, using the case of the NPT Review Process. The results suggest that economic and security interests drive states' participation in the multilateral settings; normative concerns about global public goods matter less. The article also argues that while countries which are more abundantly present in the negotiations do not tend to get more from international organisations; countries which have been less present during the negotiations tended to be more interested in alternative forum shopping in the form of 'nuclear ban treaty' negotiations.

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“…States have questioned the hierarchy of the three different pillars as well as the meaning of individual norms in the system. 66 Disagreement on the disarmament norm prevented four of the nine NPT RevCons to end with final documents (in 1980, 1990, 2005, and 2015). Indeed, (particularly nonaligned) NNWS regularly criticise the nuclear weapon states for not living up to their disarmament commitments.…”

Section: Contestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resiliency dynamics of norm clusters: Norm contestation and international cooperation

Lantis

Wunderlich

2018

Rev. Int. Stud.

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This study examines the effects of contestation on individual norms that are embedded in larger norm clusters. We define norm clusters as collections of aligned, but distinct norms or principles at the center of a regime. Norm clusters include multiple norms that can be insulated from contestatory challenges by degrees of cohesion, institutionalisation, and legalisation. While some constructivists argue that the most important dynamic to study is ‘robustness’ of individual norms, we contend that ‘resiliency’ of norm clusters offers a richer assessment of prospects for international cooperation and long-term impact on state behaviours. Thus, this study distinguishes conceptually between different structural layers that can generate various effects in conjunction with norm contestation. We add a third, or intervening layer of explanation with norm clusters, between the intersection of norms (lowest layer) and normative structures (broadest layer). To explore this argument, comparative case studies examine the resiliency of two prohibitionary norms – the nuclear disarmament norm within the non-proliferation regime and the norm banning assassination of foreign adversaries, which is not embedded in a regime structure. While the robustness of individual norms may be challenged, our results suggest a role for resilient structures in promoting overall longevity of norm clusters.

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Not lost in contestation: How norm entrepreneurs frame norm development in the nuclear nonproliferation regime

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Norm internalisation revisited: Norm contestation and the life of norms at the extreme of the norm cascade

Norm internalisation revisited: Norm contestation and the life of norms at the extreme of the norm cascade

Variation in delegation size in multilateral diplomacy

Resiliency dynamics of norm clusters: Norm contestation and international cooperation

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