Nosocomial bloodstream infections in a Turkish university hospital: study of Gram-negative bacilli and their sensitivity patterns

Comparison of the PCR with the Cefoxitin Disc Diffusion Test for Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Oxacillin Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (Cons)

“…According to Washington Medical institute, nosocomial infections cause to 44 000-98 000 mortality cases and 17-29 billion dollars in costs per year (8). national and international guides, local data, microbial agents and resistance profiles and the principles of antibiotic usage are important factors for antibiotic therapy (17). For the antibiotic appropriate and sufficient usage, the knowledge of local antibiotic resistance profile is necessary both to choose empirical antimicrobial therapy and reduce resistance rate (15,18).…”

“…oxacillin (1µg, oksoid) and cefoxitin (1µg, oxoid) discs were used for sensitivity testing. oxacillin resistant isolates were stored at -20°c and Atcc 2592 was used as a standard strain (15,17). …”

Investigation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (Esbl) in Nosocomial Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates by Different Test Methods

“…Köseoglu Ö, Gür D. And Akova M. in a study at the University of Hacettepe, identified E. coli (33%) and Klebsiella spp. (22.1%) as the most common among such microorganisms in patients with bacteremia [7].…”

Molecular study of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (TEM-1) gene in Escherichia Coli isolates collected from Ostad Alinasab Hospital in Tabriz Iran

“…The first one occurs as a result of a spontaneous mutation at approximately 10 -5 Hz, which alters sensitivity to medicine, changes it into a merely selective agent and enables tolerant organisms to survive [1][2][3]. The second mechanism is to create resistance in genetic exchange wherein genetic information can control bacterial resistance transferred from a (resistant) cell to another (sensitive) by transformation, conjugation and transduction [2][3][4]. Hospitalized patients are exposed to hospital infections particularly organisms resistant to some medicines (gram negative bacillus species) as a major infection agent and its associated fatality [1,4].…”

“…The second mechanism is to create resistance in genetic exchange wherein genetic information can control bacterial resistance transferred from a (resistant) cell to another (sensitive) by transformation, conjugation and transduction [2][3][4]. Hospitalized patients are exposed to hospital infections particularly organisms resistant to some medicines (gram negative bacillus species) as a major infection agent and its associated fatality [1,4]. Since antibiotics are especially prescribed in intensive care units (ICU) to accelerate the natural treatment process, the problem become more serious, thus, having hydrolysis potential, a wide variety of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), ESBL-generating strains (Beta-lactamase) used in clinics are of critical importance.…”