Normalization of joint moments during gait: a comparison of two techniques

Moisio, Kirsten C.; Sumner, Dale R.; Shott, Susan; Hurwitz, Debra E.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00433-5

Cited by 229 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The external moments (Nm) are normalized by dividing the subject's body weight (BW) and height and are expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100. The new units, %BW ϫ height, allow for comparisons between subjects (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric knee loading in advanced unilateral hip osteoarthritis

Shakoor¹,

Hurwitz²,

Block³

et al. 2003

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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123

107

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Objective. Subjects with unilateral end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA) who undergo total hip replacement (THR) preferentially require subsequent replacement of the contralateral knee compared with the ipsilateral knee. We investigated whether this nonrandom, preferential evolution of lower extremity OA from the hip to the contralateral knee joint may be related to asymmetries in dynamic joint loading at the knees, particularly the peak external knee adduction moment, which has been associated with the progression of knee OA.Methods. Gait analysis was performed on 50 subjects who were preoperative for unilateral THR. Twenty-two of these subjects were reevaluated postoperatively 10-23 months after undergoing successful THR. At each analysis, dynamic joint loads in the contralateral knee were compared with those in the ipsilateral knee.Results. Prior to THR, the peak external knee adduction moment and peak medial compartment load were significantly higher in the contralateral knee. This asymmetry persisted after THR.Conclusion. Subjects with unilateral end-stage hip OA preferentially require subsequent replacement of the contralateral knee, as compared with the ipsilateral knee. Among patients with unilateral end-stage hip OA, the contralateral knee is subjected to higher dynamic joint loads than is the ipsilateral knee, and this asymmetric loading persists long after subjects have undergone successful THR. Biomechanical factors appear to be involved in the multiarticular evolution of OA of the lower extremities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric knee loading in advanced unilateral hip osteoarthritis

Shakoor¹,

Hurwitz²,

Block³

et al. 2003

Arthritis & Rheumatism

Self Cite

123

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contrary to the results of previous studies that were based on gait movement and showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the normalization parameters and joint moment variables (Moisio et al, 2003), the low normalization parameter dependencies in golf swing are considered to be related to the muscle cooperation that occurs in the swing of skilled professional golfers (Demircan et al, 2012). Table 3 describes the effect of normalization on the peak joint moments for the downswing phase for the 13 golfers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Body weight (BW) (Harding et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2013;Oh et al, 2013), body weight multiplied by height (BWH) (Ferber et al, 2003;Hunt et al, 2006;Lewek et al, 2011;Silvernail et al, 2013), and body weight multiplied by leg length (BWL) (Hsu et al, 2007;Larsen et al, 2010) are typical examples of linear normalization methods. For this reason, in recent years researchers have used the human gait to find an appropriate normalization method (Moisio et al, 2003;Wannop et al, 2012). According to Moisio et al (2003), 80% of the differences in the peak joint moments between subjects could be removed using the BWH normalization method during gait analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, in recent years researchers have used the human gait to find an appropriate normalization method (Moisio et al, 2003;Wannop et al, 2012). According to Moisio et al (2003), 80% of the differences in the peak joint moments between subjects could be removed using the BWH normalization method during gait analysis. The results from previous studies, however, are difficult to apply to different motions since only a limited normalization effect is apparent in the gait, which is usually symmetrical in locomotion between left and right at normal movement speeds and has less rotation when compared to other movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Three Normalization Methods for 3D Joint Moment in the Asymmetric Rotational Human Movements in Golf Swing Analysis

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Biosystems Engineering

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Purpose: From the perspective of biomechanics, joint moments quantitatively show a subject's ability to perform actions. In this study, the effect of normalization in the fast and asymmetric motions of a golf swing was investigated by applying three different normalization methods to the raw joint moment. Methods: The study included 13 subjects with no previous history of musculoskeletal diseases. Golf swing analyses were performed with six infrared cameras and two force plates. The majority of the raw peak joint moments showed a significant correlation at p < 0.05. Additionally, the resulting effects after applying body weight (BW), body weight multiplied by height (BWH), and body weight multiplied by leg length (BWL) normalization methods were analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. Results: The BW, BWH, and BWL normalization methods normalized 8, 10, and 11 peak joint moments out of 18, respectively. The best method for normalizing the golf swing was found to be the BWL method, which showed significant statistical differences. Several raw peak joint moments showed no significant correlation with measured anthropometrics, which was considered to be related to the muscle coordination that occurs in the swing of skilled professional golfers. Conclusions: The results of this study show that the BWL normalization method can effectively remove differences due to physical characteristics in the golf swing analysis.

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“…Joint moments and positive impulse were calculated from the stance phase on the first step using inverse dynamics using the Vicon BodyBuilder model (UWA model (Besier et al, 2003)) and normalized to body weight times height (Nm/BW.Ht%) to account for body size (Moisio et al, 2003). Positive impulses [Nm.s/(BW.Ht%)] were calculated as the positiveonly area under the moment curve, taking into account average magnitude and duration of the positive external moment.…”

Section: Kinematic and Kinetic Data Collection During Stair Ascentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics and kinetics during stair ascent in individuals with Gluteal Tendinopathy

Allison

Vicenzino

Bennell

et al. 2016

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: Individuals with gluteal tendinopathy commonly report lateral hip pain and disability during stair ascent. This study aimed to compare kinematics and kinetics between individuals with and without gluteal tendinopathy during a step up task.Methods: 35 individuals with unilateral gluteal tendinopathy and 35 pain-free controls underwent three-dimensional motion analysis of stance phase during stair ascent. An analysis of covariance was performed to compare hip, pelvis and trunk kinematic and kinetic variables between groups. A K-means cluster analysis was performed to identify subgroups from the entire group (n=70) based on the characteristics of the external hip adduction moment.Finally, a Newcombe-Wilson test was performed to evaluate the relationship between group and cluster codes and a 3x2 ANOVA to investigate the differences in kinematics between groups and cluster codes.Findings: Individuals with gluteal tendinopathy exhibited a greater hip adduction moment impulse during stair ascent (ES=0.83), greater internal rotation impulse during the first 50% stance phase (ES=0.63) and greater contralateral trunk lean throughout stance than controls (ranging from ES=0.67-0.93). Three subgroups based on hip adduction moment characteristics were identified. Individuals with GT were 4.5 times more likely to have a hip adduction moment characteristic of a large impulse and greater lateral pelvic translation at heel strike than the subgroup most likely to contain controls.Interpretation: Individuals with GT exhibit greater hip adduction moment impulse and alterations in trunk and pelvic kinematics during stair ascent. Findings provide a basis to consider frontal plane trunk and pelvic control in the management of gluteal tendinopathy.

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Normalization of joint moments during gait: a comparison of two techniques

Cited by 229 publications

References 8 publications

Asymmetric knee loading in advanced unilateral hip osteoarthritis

Asymmetric knee loading in advanced unilateral hip osteoarthritis

Comparison of Three Normalization Methods for 3D Joint Moment in the Asymmetric Rotational Human Movements in Golf Swing Analysis

Kinematics and kinetics during stair ascent in individuals with Gluteal Tendinopathy

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