Normalization in PET group comparison studies—The importance of a valid reference region

Borghammer, Per; Jónsdóttir, Kristjana Ỷr; Cumming, Paul; Østergaard, Karen; Vang, Kim; Ashkanian, Mahmoud; Vafaee, Manouchehr Seyedi; Iversen, Peter; Gjedde, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.057

Cited by 86 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although similar to the increases in 18 F-FDG studies, the relative increases in 11 C-raclopride influx observed in PD versus controls and MSA patients, especially in the striatum, do not necessarily represent a surrogate marker of altered neuronal activity and may be influenced by the choice of normalization region, as demonstrated recently by Borghammer et al (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic ¹¹C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Laere¹,

Clerinx²,

Dhondt³

et al. 2010

J Nucl Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic ¹¹C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Laere¹,

Clerinx²,

Dhondt³

et al. 2010

J Nucl Med

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“…As detailed previously [9,11], parametric maps of CBF and CMRO 2 were calculated with the single step, two-compartment, three-weighted-integration method of Ohta et al [12,13] which has been successfully used in both normal subjects [11,14,15] and patient studies [16,17], including PD patients [18,19]. The parametric images were smoothed with a Gaussian filter to a final resolution of 14 × 14 × 14 mm 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with early Parkinson's disease

Borghammer

Cumming

Østergaard

et al. 2012

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…A previous study found that using a GM/WM CBF ratio allowed subjects with AD to be detected with a greater degree of sensitivity, 19 and the WM has been shown to be a good reference region in older subjects. 20 Full details of the MRI acquisition and processing are found in appendix e-1 on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org.…”

Section: Neuropsychologic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling in poststroke dementia

Firbank

He²,

Blamire

et al. 2011

Neurology

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between cerebral blood flow and dementia in older stroke survivors and subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods:This cohort study used arterial spin labeling MRI at 3 T to examine cerebral blood flow (CBF).We scanned 39 patients 6 years after stroke. They were older than 75 years at the time of stroke and free of dementia 3 months poststroke, with 8 subsequently developing dementia. We also scanned 17 subjects with AD and 29 healthy control subjects. We determined the perfusion in regions of interest (ROIs). Hippocampal volume was also measured using a previously validated automated procedure. Results:The gray matter/white matter CBF ratio was reduced globally in the poststroke dementia (PSD) group (1.55 SD ϭ 0.12) relative to control subjects (1.78 SD ϭ 0.18; p ϭ 0.03). The CBF ratio in a parietal ROI was reduced in the AD (1.34 SD ϭ 0.31; p ϭ 0.003), PSD (1.32 SD ϭ 0.22; p ϭ 0.041), and poststroke no-dementia (PSND) (1.44 SD ϭ 0.34; p ϭ 0.014) groups relative to that of control subjects (1.70 SD ϭ 0.32). In subjects without stroke, the best predictor of dementia was hippocampus volume, whereas in the stroke group, it was the global CBF gray matter/white matter ratio. Hippocampus volume was not significantly different between the AD and PSD groups, and both had reduced hippocampi relative to those of control subjects and the PSND group. Conclusions:We found evidence for both vascular and AD pathology in PSD, suggesting that both the direct impact of the stroke and subsequent development of AD-type changes play a role in the etiology of PSD. Neurology Dementia is common in people with stroke and may be preexisting in 10% of subjects and a direct consequence of the stroke in a further 15%.1 However, stroke is also a risk factor for dementia in the long term.

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Normalization in PET group comparison studies—The importance of a valid reference region

Cited by 86 publications

References 51 publications

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic ¹¹C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic ¹¹C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with early Parkinson's disease

Cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling in poststroke dementia

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Normalization in PET group comparison studies—The importance of a valid reference region

Cited by 86 publications

References 51 publications

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic 11C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic 11C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with early Parkinson's disease

Cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling in poststroke dementia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic ¹¹C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Combined Striatal Binding and Cerebral Influx Analysis of Dynamic ¹¹C-Raclopride PET Improves Early Differentiation Between Multiple-System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease