Nonsaponifiable lipid constituents of cardamom

Abstract

A chemical investigation based on NMR and MS studies revealed that the nonsaponifiable lipid fraction of cardamom consisted mainly of waxes and sterols. The waxes identified were n-alkanes (C21, C23, C25, C27, C29, C3i, and C33) and n-alkenes (C21, C23, C25, C27, C29, C31, and C33). In the sterol fraction d-sitostenone and -sitosterol are newly reported. Phytol and traces of eugenyl acetate were also identified in cardamom for the first time.

Gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering, diuretic and sedative activities of cardamom

“…Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of multiple chemicals, such as ␣-terpineol, myrcene, heptane, subinene, limonene, cineol, ␣-phellandrene, menthone, ␣-pinene, ␤-pinene (Shaban et al, 1987), linalol, nerolidol (Okugawa et al, 1988), ␤-sitostenone, ␥-sitosterol, phytol, eugenyl acetate (Gopalakrishnan et al, 1990), bisabolene, borneol, citronellol, p-cymene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, stigmasterol and terpinene (Duke, 1992).…”

Gastroprotective effect of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton. fruits in rats

“…Literature survey revealed that the fruit of E. cardamomum has been reported to contain essential oil (Baruah et al, 1973;Korikanthimathm et al, 2001), sterol (Kataoka et al, 1987), phenolic acids (Variyar and Bandyopadhyay, 1995) and lipids (Gopalakrishnan et al, 1990). The essential oil, isolated from the fruits of E. cardamomum showed antimicrobial (Islam et al, 1990;Pruthi et al, 1980;Venkataraman et al, 1978) antiinflammatory, analgesic and antispasmodic (Al-Zuhair et al, 1996) activities.…”

Assessment of hormone-like activities inGinkgo biloba,Elettaria cardamomumandPlantago ovataextracts usingin vitroreceptor-specific bioassays

“…In fact, clinical studies have demonstrated significant reductions in serum cholesterol concentrations after the consumption of phytosterol-enriched food (Demonty et al 2009;Laitinen & Gylling 2012). Early studies indicated that the main sterol components in ECS are 7-ergosterol, campesterol, γ-tocopherol, desmosterol and stigmasterol (Gopalakrishnan et al 1990), which are alcohols consisting of 28 or 29 carbon atoms, similar to cholesterol (Awad & Fink 2000). Several in vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of some sterols, such as 7-ergosterol or stigmasterol and its oxidation products to activate hERa (Subbiah & Abplanalp 2003;Newill et al 2007;Boldrin et al 2013).…”