Nonparametric Statistics

Gibbons, Jean Dickinson

doi:10.4135/9781412985314

Cited by 127 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Descriptive statistics were employed in this study, along with linear regression, correlation, and the Mann-Whitney U test -a non-parametric version of the t-test, that compares the rank sums of two samples to determine if they come from the same distribution [6,7]. Linear regression was used to discern whether certain variables have explanatory power, after controlling for other possible cofactors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the arXiv lead to higher citations and reduced publisher downloads for mathematics articles?

2007

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An analysis of 2,765 articles published in four math journals from 1997 to 2005 indicate that articles deposited in the arXiv received 35% more citations on average than non-deposited articles (an advantage of about 1.1 citations per article), and that this difference was most pronounced for highly-cited articles. Open Access, Early View, and Quality Differential were examined as three non-exclusive postulates for explaining the citation advantage. There was little support for a universal Open Access explanation, and no empirical support for Early View. There was some inferential support for a Quality Differential brought about by more highlycitable articles being deposited in the arXiv. In spite of their citation advantage, arXiv-deposited articles received 23% fewer downloads from the publisher's website (about 10 fewer downloads per article) in all but the most recent two years after publication. The data suggest that arXiv and the publisher's website may be fulfilling distinct functional needs of the reader.2

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the arXiv lead to higher citations and reduced publisher downloads for mathematics articles?

2007

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“…Concluídas a classificação e rotulagem, as hipóteses de pesquisa foram testadas efetuando o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis [Anexo_02]. O teste Kruskal-Wallis analisa se as diferenças entre as médias são ou não estatisticamente significativas (GIBBONS, 1993;SIEGEL;CASTELLAN, 1988).…”

Section: Fatores Contingenciaisunclassified

The Influence of Contingent Factors in the Adoption of Management Accounting Practices in Paranenses Industries

Klein

Almeida

2017

RUC

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RESUMOEste estudo investigou se há relação entre a adoção das práticas de contabilidade gerenciallistadas nos estágios evolutivos no documento IMAP 1(IFAC, 1998) -pelas indústrias paranaenses e os fatores contingenciais. A amostra não probabilística é formada por 1.162 empresas paranaenses cadastradas em 2012 na FIEP-Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Paraná. Para coletar dados dos respondentes sobre a sua percepção de frequência de uso e importância das práticas de contabilidade gerencial, foi aplicado questionário fechado aos controllers ou equivalentes. A técnica Análise de Clusters foi aplicada aos dados coletados para formar quatro grupos distintos de acordo os estágios evolutivos das práticas de contabilidade gerencial adotadas. A técnica Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizada para testar as hipóteses de pesquisa. Os achados da pesquisa sugerem que as práticas de contabilidade gerencial tradicionais prevalecem e sua frequência de utilização supera as técnicas mais sofisticadas. No entanto há indícios de leve mudança na adoção de práticas de contabilidade

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“…Parametrik olmayan metotların çoğu 1940'lı yılların sonlarında önerilmiştir. Bu tarihten sonra parametrik olmayan metotların özellikleri ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır (Gibbons, 1993;2).…”

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“…Ayrıca eğitim bilimleri, psikoloji gibi davranış bilimlerinde veriler genellikle sıralama düzeyinde ölçüldüğünden parametrik olmayan metotların kullanılması daha avantajlı olmaktadır. Özet olarak parametrik istatistiklerin uygun olmadığı oldukça geniş bir alanda parametrik olmayan istatistikler rahatlıkla kullanılabilmektedir (Gibbons, 1993;1-2).…”

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Comparision Mann-Whitney U Test and Students’ t Test in Terms of Type I Error Rate and Test Power: A Monte Carlo Sımulation Study

Bindak¹

2014

AKU-J. Sci. Eng.

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ÖzetParametrik t testinin varsayımları karşılanmadığı durumda alternatif olarak Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmaktadır. Varsayımlar yerine getirildiğinde t testinin daha güvenli olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kitlenin normal dağılımlı olması durumunda ve çeşitli örnek hacimlerinde MWU ile t testinin performanslarını karşılaştırmaktır. Kitleden örnek seçme için Monte Carlo simülasyonu yapıldı. Ortalamalar arası fark δ=0, δ=0.5σ, δ=1σ ve varyans oranları 1:1, 1:4, 1:9 olan kitlelerin ikili kombinasyonları kullanıldı. Birinci tip hata ve test gücünü hesaplamak için her bir kombinasyon için 20000 Monte Carlo denemesi yapıldı. Her bir kombinasyon ve farklı örnek hacimleri için çekilen örneklere her iki test uygulandı, red edilen sıfır hipotezi sayısı kaydedildi. Küçük örnek (n≤30) hacminde MWU testinin daha az hata verdiği, H 0 hipotezinin ret veya kabul edilmesinde MWU ile t testlerinin %97 oranında aynı sonucu verdikleri görüldü. Eşit olmayan varyans durumunda özellikle örnek hacmi arttıkça MWU testinin I.Tip hata oranını koruyamadığı görüldü. Comparision Mann-Whitney U Test and Students' t Test in Terms of AbstractThe nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test is an alternative to parametric Student's t-test, when the assumptions of t-test cannot be respected. However as one understood, it is more reliable to use the ttest if its assumptions can be met. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performances of the Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t test in cases of normal populations and various sample sizes. A Monte Carlo simulation study is cariried out via data which were produced from standard normal distribution. Dual combinations of populations were used, with a difference between the means of δ=0, δ=0.5σ, δ=1σ and, variance ratios of 1:1, 1:4, 1:9. To compute Type I error rate and test power, 20000 trial were made for each condition. For each combination, two samples with various sample sizes were randomly selected; both tests were applied, and the number of rejected null hypotheses was recorded. The MWU test gave fewer errors in small samples (n≤30). MWU and t tests gave the same result at 98% rate in rejecting or accepting the H 0 hypothesis. In case of unequal variance, as sample size increased, the type I error ratio increased, particularly for the U test; both tests gave the same result in approximately 97% of simulations.

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Nonparametric Statistics

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

Does the arXiv lead to higher citations and reduced publisher downloads for mathematics articles?

Does the arXiv lead to higher citations and reduced publisher downloads for mathematics articles?

The Influence of Contingent Factors in the Adoption of Management Accounting Practices in Paranenses Industries

Comparision Mann-Whitney U Test and Students’ t Test in Terms of Type I Error Rate and Test Power: A Monte Carlo Sımulation Study

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