Nonmagnetic nanocomposites for optical and infrared negative-refractive-index media

Wangberg, Robyn; Elser, Justin; Narimanov, Evgenii E.; Podolskiy, Viktor A.

doi:10.1364/josab.23.000498

Cited by 172 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…An innovative approach, which makes use of arrays of high aspect ratio metallic wires, 17,18 has been theoretically suggested to mitigate the aforementioned drawbacks. The underlying mechanism for restoring evanescent waves in such metallic wires medium, is not based on resonances of materials parameters ͑i.e., there is no amplification machinery from excitation of surface waves at interfaces͒, but is rather based on the transport of evanescent waves when the medium exhibits a relatively flat equifrequency dispersion characteristics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-resolution imaging using a three-dimensional metamaterials nanolens

Casse¹,

Lu²,

Ying³

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

229

138

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Super-resolution imaging beyond Abbe's diffraction limit can be achieved by utilizing an optical medium or "metamaterial" that can either amplify or transport the decaying near-field evanescent waves that carry subwavelength features of objects. Earlier approaches at optical frequencies mostly utilized the amplification of evanescent waves in thin metallic films or metal-dielectric multilayers, but were restricted to very small thicknesses ͑Ӷ , wavelength͒ and accordingly short object-image distances, due to losses in the material. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of super-resolution imaging by a low-loss three-dimensional metamaterial nanolens consisting of aligned gold nanowires embedded in a porous alumina matrix. This composite medium possesses strongly anisotropic optical properties with negative permittivity in the nanowire axis direction, which enables the transport of both far-field and near-field components with low-loss over significant distances ͑Ͼ6 ͒, and over a broad spectral range. We demonstrate the imaging of large objects, having subwavelength features, with a resolution of at least / 4 at near-infrared wavelengths. The results are in good agreement with a theoretical model of wave propagation in anisotropic media.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-resolution imaging using a three-dimensional metamaterials nanolens

Casse¹,

Lu²,

Ying³

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

229

138

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“…Such materials were carefully studied by different groups [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. It is shown that indefinite media can have negative group refraction, backward-wave effect, and partial focusing.…”

Section: The Methods To Reduce the Losses Of Optical Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the double resonance scheme also causes large resonance losses and technical difficulties in design and fabrication. In addition to negative index materials, both theoretical and experimental studies show the properties of negative refraction and subwavelength imaging can also occur in some uniaxially anisotropic media, which can have lower losses and be easier to fabricate [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of work has been done in anisotropic metamaterials, both experimentally [53,56] and theoretically [51,52,54,55,[57][58][59][60][61]. Liu and Zhang [61] derived the hyperbolic dispersion only theoretically in the Maxwell-Garnett approximation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They only showed the near-field imaging (channeling), which occurs for the special case of a very flat dispersion. Yao et al [56] did experimental work (negative refraction for small angles only and no dispersion relation was obtained from the experiments), and Wangberg et al [55] presented analytical work based on the Maxwell-Garnett approximation. Most of the previous theoretical and numerical work on anisotropic metamaterials is done on homogeneous materials, where the hyperbolic dispersion relation given by Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing the losses of optical metamaterials

Fang

2010

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Hyperbolic Polaritonic Crystals Based on Nanostructured Nanorod Metamaterials

et al. 2015

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and enhanced non-linearities. [ 22 ] Self-assembled arrays of gold nanorods have recently attracted signifi cant interest as modular optical metamaterials, mainly as a result of their ease of fabrication and inherent optical anisotropy, presenting the opportunity to tailor the frequency onset of hyperbolic dispersion throughout the visible and infrared spectral range. [ 16,23 ] In this paper, we combine the functionality provided by metamaterials and photonic-crystal-type structures to demonstrate metamaterial-based photonic crystals, termed hyperbolic polaritonic crystals (HPCs). By employing a fully fl exible plasmonic nanorod metamaterial platform exhibiting hyperbolic dispersion and tunable epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency [ 15,24 ] determining the plasmonic behavior of the metamaterial similar to the plasma frequency for bulk metals, [ 25 ] we show how both the resonant response of HPCs and their mode confi nement capability can be controlled. The unique approach described here provides the opportunity to tailor the HPC's optical response both extrinsically, through nanostructuring, and intrinsically through the metamaterial's effective permittivity design, including its hyperbolic dispersion, by dimensional nanorod array parameterization. As a result, HPCs comprised mainly of dielectric patches separated by metamaterial areas only a few nanorods across, provide a fl exible alternative to conventional plasmonic metals in applications requiring on-demand engineering of plasmonic behavior. They may also be used for light coupling to, and extraction from, waveguided modes of hyperbolic metamaterials, inaccessible via conventional or total-internal refl ection illumination due to their very high modal effective index, but which play a signifi cant role in conditioning both the non-linear response of hyperbolic metamaterials and their spontaneous emission properties.We consider metamaterials composed of plasmonic nanorod arrays ( Figure 1 a) fabricated in self-assembled anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates (see Methods in the Supporting Information). The typical extinction spectrum of the metamaterial under plane wave illumination shows two resonances linked to the plasmonic response of the metamaterial for the electromagnetic fi eld polarized along either short or long nanorod axis (Figure 1 a). [ 24 ] These optical properties result from the anisotropy of the metamaterial, which can be described using effective medium theory (EMT) by the effective permittivity tensor xx yy zz ( ) ( ) ( ) ε ω ε ω ε ω = ≠ (see the Supporting Information for details). The spectral dispersion of the permittivity tensor results from the coupling between the plasmonic resonances of the individual nanorods in the array. Hyperbolic dispersion, where ε xx , ε yy > 0 and ε zz < 0, is observed for frequencies lower than the effective plasma frequency (where Re( ε zz ) = 0) of the metamaterial (Figure 1 b). In this regime, the metamaterial has The optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, fi lms, and surfaces are determined by surfa...

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Nonmagnetic nanocomposites for optical and infrared negative-refractive-index media

Cited by 172 publications

References 40 publications

Super-resolution imaging using a three-dimensional metamaterials nanolens

Super-resolution imaging using a three-dimensional metamaterials nanolens

Reducing the losses of optical metamaterials

Hyperbolic Polaritonic Crystals Based on Nanostructured Nanorod Metamaterials

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