“…The acceleration responses of the MR/ER sandwich structures were measured by accelerometers mounted on the face layers. Although single-axis accelerometers were widely used to measure vibration responses of the structures (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2013c(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2014Rajamohan et al, 2010aRajamohan et al, , 2010bRajamohan et al, , 2010c, application of laser sensors (Choi et al, 2010) and eddy current probe (Lee and Cheng, 1998;Wei et al, 2007Wei et al, , 2011 for measuring vibration displacement and laser vibrometer (Lara-Prieto et al, 2010) for measuring velocity have also been reported. The measured signals were analyzed in the signal analyzer and the natural frequencies and damping properties of the sandwich beam structures were subsequently identified from the peaks in the frequency response functions.…”
Section: Dynamic Characteristics Of Fully Treated Mr/er Sandwich Beammentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finite element (FE) method is the most reported approach in vibration analysis of the MR/ER sandwich structures (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2012(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2013a(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2013c(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2014Bishay et al, 2010;Hirunyapruk et al, 2010;Lee, 1995;Mohanty, 2013;Nayak et al, 2012b;Rajamohan et al, 2010aRajamohan et al, , 2010bRajamohan et al, , 2010cRajamohan et al, , 2013Rezaeepazhand and Pahlavan, 2008a;Wei et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2006). This method employs potential and kinetic energy of the structures and represents the governing equations of motion in a matrix form as follows…”
Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Mr/er Sandwich Beam Structuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Irrespective of applied magnetic/ electric field, some other parameters such as material and thickness of the face layers (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2012(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2013a(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2014Choi et al, 1992;Rezaeepazhand and Pahlavan, 2008a), fluid thickness (Mohanty, 2013;Rezaeepazhand and Pahlavan, 2008a;, boundary conditions (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2013a;Lee and Cheng, 1998;Yalcintas and Coulter, 1995a, 1995b, 1995c, external disturbances (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2007), modes of vibration (Lu and Li, 2007;Yalcintas and Coulter, 1995a), and temperature (Gandhi et al, 1989) may also change the natural frequencies, loss factors, and vibration amplitude of the MR/ER-based sandwich structures. Yeh and Shih (2005) suggested an increase in the loss factor of the ER sandwich structures with core layer thickness.…”
During past four decades, applications of magnetorheological and electrorheological fluids in adaptive sandwich structures have been widely studied, primarily for the purpose of vibration control. The rapid response time of controllable magnetorheological/electrorheological fluids to an applied magnetic/electric field and reversible variations in their stiffness and damping properties have been the key motivations for adaptive structures applications. This article presents a comprehensive review of the reported studies on applications of magnetorheological/electrorheological fluids for realizing active and semi-active vibration suppression in sandwich structures. The review focuses on methods of characterizing the magnetorheological/electrorheological fluids in the pre-yield region, magnetic/electric field-dependent phenomenological models describing the storage and loss moduli of fluids, experimental and analytical methods developed for vibration analysis of sandwich structures with magnetorheological/electrorheological fluid treatments, analysis of structures with partial magnetorheological/electrorheological fluid treatments and optimal treatment locations, and developments in control strategies for vibration suppression of magnetorheological/electrorheological sandwich structures. The studies on dynamic responses of fully and partially treated magnetorheological/electrorheological-based sandwich beams, plates, shells, and panels are also discussed, including the mathematical modeling methods and associated assumptions, methods of solutions, and experimental methods.
“…The acceleration responses of the MR/ER sandwich structures were measured by accelerometers mounted on the face layers. Although single-axis accelerometers were widely used to measure vibration responses of the structures (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2013c(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2014Rajamohan et al, 2010aRajamohan et al, , 2010bRajamohan et al, , 2010c, application of laser sensors (Choi et al, 2010) and eddy current probe (Lee and Cheng, 1998;Wei et al, 2007Wei et al, , 2011 for measuring vibration displacement and laser vibrometer (Lara-Prieto et al, 2010) for measuring velocity have also been reported. The measured signals were analyzed in the signal analyzer and the natural frequencies and damping properties of the sandwich beam structures were subsequently identified from the peaks in the frequency response functions.…”
Section: Dynamic Characteristics Of Fully Treated Mr/er Sandwich Beammentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finite element (FE) method is the most reported approach in vibration analysis of the MR/ER sandwich structures (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2012(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2013a(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2013c(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2014Bishay et al, 2010;Hirunyapruk et al, 2010;Lee, 1995;Mohanty, 2013;Nayak et al, 2012b;Rajamohan et al, 2010aRajamohan et al, , 2010bRajamohan et al, , 2010cRajamohan et al, , 2013Rezaeepazhand and Pahlavan, 2008a;Wei et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2006). This method employs potential and kinetic energy of the structures and represents the governing equations of motion in a matrix form as follows…”
Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Mr/er Sandwich Beam Structuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Irrespective of applied magnetic/ electric field, some other parameters such as material and thickness of the face layers (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2012(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2013a(Allahverdizadeh et al, , 2014Choi et al, 1992;Rezaeepazhand and Pahlavan, 2008a), fluid thickness (Mohanty, 2013;Rezaeepazhand and Pahlavan, 2008a;, boundary conditions (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2013a;Lee and Cheng, 1998;Yalcintas and Coulter, 1995a, 1995b, 1995c, external disturbances (Allahverdizadeh et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2007), modes of vibration (Lu and Li, 2007;Yalcintas and Coulter, 1995a), and temperature (Gandhi et al, 1989) may also change the natural frequencies, loss factors, and vibration amplitude of the MR/ER-based sandwich structures. Yeh and Shih (2005) suggested an increase in the loss factor of the ER sandwich structures with core layer thickness.…”
During past four decades, applications of magnetorheological and electrorheological fluids in adaptive sandwich structures have been widely studied, primarily for the purpose of vibration control. The rapid response time of controllable magnetorheological/electrorheological fluids to an applied magnetic/electric field and reversible variations in their stiffness and damping properties have been the key motivations for adaptive structures applications. This article presents a comprehensive review of the reported studies on applications of magnetorheological/electrorheological fluids for realizing active and semi-active vibration suppression in sandwich structures. The review focuses on methods of characterizing the magnetorheological/electrorheological fluids in the pre-yield region, magnetic/electric field-dependent phenomenological models describing the storage and loss moduli of fluids, experimental and analytical methods developed for vibration analysis of sandwich structures with magnetorheological/electrorheological fluid treatments, analysis of structures with partial magnetorheological/electrorheological fluid treatments and optimal treatment locations, and developments in control strategies for vibration suppression of magnetorheological/electrorheological sandwich structures. The studies on dynamic responses of fully and partially treated magnetorheological/electrorheological-based sandwich beams, plates, shells, and panels are also discussed, including the mathematical modeling methods and associated assumptions, methods of solutions, and experimental methods.
“…In this study, for the distribution of the property in FG face-sheets, a simple power-law is used along the thickness direction. Based on the power-law distribution, the volume fraction of constituent metal Vm is written in the following form [37,38] Figure 1.Coordinate system and geometry of three-layered sandwich FG micro-beams rest on elastic nonlinear foundation and moving mass (M).…”
In this study, nonlinear free and forced vibration analysis of an embedded functionally graded sandwich micro-beam with a moving mass is investigated. The velocity of moving mass is assumed constant. The structure is resting on nonlinear Pasternak foundation. The governing equation of motion is obtained using Hamilton's principle based on the Euler–Bernouli model with considering nonlinear terms in strain–displacement relation. Strain gradient elasticity theory is used to model the small scale effects. The micro-beam contains a homogenous core and two integrated functionally graded face-sheets. Mechanical properties except Poisson ratio are assumed to be variable based on the power-law distribution along the thickness direction. Galerkin's decomposition technique is implemented to convert nonlinear partial differential equation to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Multiple times scale method is applied to derive closed form approximate solution for free and forced vibration and nonlinear natural frequencies of the micro-beams. Accuracy of the obtained results using current issue may be justified by comparing with those obtained by existing results of the literature. The effect of some important parameters such as length scale parameter, power gradient index, nonlinear elastic foundation, aspect ratio, position, and velocity of moving mass and boundary conditions is studied on the various responses of the micro-beam such as nonlinear natural frequency, frequency response, and force–response curves.
“…Mazaheri studied the free vibration of beams with large-deformation cracks through an iteration method [9]. Allahverdizadeh derived the vibration equation of functional gradient beams and considered the nonlinear characteristics of materials in the vibration analysis of beams with cracks [10]. Wang studied an elastic beam and used Galerkin method to solve the vibration frequency and mode of beams [11].…”
Complex bridges will inevitably have cracks in operation. Dynamic characteristics with crack structures have been researched central issues. In the past, few researches were conducted from the whole structure of bridges with multi-cracks. In the meanwhile, related experimental research and systematic numerical simulation were lacking. In addition, researches on cracks seldom considered the high-order vibration characteristics of structures with multi-cracks. Aimed at this problem, this paper selected the whole bridge structure which was widely applied in engineering to study dynamic characteristics. For the concrete steel bridge with two cracks, this paper established finite element models for concrete steel beam and bridge with cracks under three different conditions and obtained vibration frequency and three order modes through simulation. Then, this paper analyzed and verified the correctness of numerical simulation result through experiment. Based on the verified model, this paper conducted a systematic analysis and summary, and obtained the following findings: The vibration frequency of concrete steel beams with cracks was obviously affected by cracks. The higher the order was, the greater the impact of cracks on frequency would be and the smaller the impact of cracks on the amplitude of modes would be. With the increased crack depth, the impact on the vibration frequency of concrete steel beams was more obvious. Additionally, crack distance also had some impacts on the dynamic characteristics of concrete steel beams. Numerical simulation model and method in this paper provided foundation and reference for continuing to analyze concrete steel beams with other crack forms or other structural forms. In the meanwhile, the three-dimensional analytical contour in this paper could help engineers to more intuitively understand and valuably apply the change rule of impact of crack depth and position on concrete steel beams.
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