Noninvasive Glucose Sensing in Aqueous Solutions Using an Active Split-Ring Resonator

Abdolrazzaghi, Mohammad; Katchinskiy, Nir; Elezzabi, A. Y.; Light, Peter E.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3090050

Cited by 105 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…On the other hand, planar sensors offer more capability with the integrated platforms. More specifically, microwave planar microfluidic sensors are of great interest because of their high compatibility of integration in lab-on-a-chip technology [43][44][45][46]. However, the main challenge in planar structures is a low quality factor resonance and a smaller fringing electric field (E-field) compared to the non-planar waveguide approaches that results in a lower sensitivity in planar sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Microfluidic Dielectric Sensor Using a Transmission Line Loaded with Shunt LC Resonators

Abdelwahab

Ebrahimi

Tovar-Lopez

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this paper, a very high sensitivity microwave-based planar microfluidic sensor is presented. Sensitivity enhancement is achieved and described theoretically and experimentally by eliminating any extra parasitic capacitance not contributing to the sensing mechanism. The sensor consists of a microstrip transmission line loaded with a series connected shunt LC resonator. A microfluidic channel is attached to the area of the highest electric field concentration. The electric field distribution and, therefore, the resonance characteristics are modified by applying microfluidic dielectric samples to the sensing area. The sensor performance and working principle are described through a circuit model analysis. A device prototype is fabricated, and experimental measurements using water/ethanol and water/methanol solutions are presented for validation of the sensing mathematical model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Microfluidic Dielectric Sensor Using a Transmission Line Loaded with Shunt LC Resonators

Abdelwahab

Ebrahimi

Tovar-Lopez

et al. 2021

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The extracted sensitivities is defined as follows 34 , 52 : where, is the initial frequency (when sample holder is empty), is the frequency when the sample holder is filled one after the material change and is the permittivity value of the materials. Figure 26 represents the sensitivity vs permittivity curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivity of this structure is high, but the quality factor is moderate. For biological applications in real-time glucose detection, an active SRR is presented 34 . The structure's operating frequency is 1.156 GHz, and its Q-factor and sensitivity are also high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamaterial sensor based on rectangular enclosed adjacent triple circle split ring resonator with good quality factor for microwave sensing application

Islam

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this article, a novel shaped metamaterial sensor is presented for the recognition of various oils, fluids, and chemicals using microwave frequency. The performance of the designed sensor structure has been studied both theoretically and experimentally, and it works well. A new sample holder for convenient operation is created and located just behind the designed structure. The results of this study performed better than those of prior liquids sensing studies. Various designs were explored using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), and it is embedded in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio, to optimize the optimal dimensions of the resonator. The suggested metamaterial sensor has a good-quality factor and sensitivity in both frequency shifting and amplitude changing. The resonance frequency shifted to 100 MHz between olive and corn oils, 70 MHz between sunflower and palm oils, 80 MHz between clean and waste brake fluids, and 90 MHz between benzene and carbon-tetrachloride chemicals. The quality factor of the sensor is 135, sensitivity is 0.56, and the figure of merit is 76 which expresses its efficient performance. Furthermore, the proposed sensor can sensitively distinguish different liquids by using the frequency shifting property. The study was carried out in three stages: dielectric constant (DK) measurement with the N1500A dielectric measurement kit, simulation of the structure, and experimental test study with the vector network analyzer. Since the recommended sensor has high sensitivity, good quality factor, and excellent performance, hence it can be used in chemical, oil, and microfluidic industries for detecting various liquid samples.

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“…Not Available, – the sensor without a microfluidic device. References Technique Microfluidic material LOD (mg/dL) Sensitivity (MHz/(mg/dL)) Response time 14 Loss-compensated split-ring resonator (SRR) – 18 1.33E−05 < 1 s 15 Split-ring resonator (SRR) – 600 1.64E−04 30 min 18 Patch antenna – N.A. 2.575E−04 < 1 s 27 Rectangular waveguide cavity Teflon capillary 260/420 4.00E−04 N.A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic microwave biosensor based on biomimetic materials for the quantitative detection of glucose

Zhang

Yang

Ren

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This paper presents a microwave microfluidic biosensor for monitoring blood glucose levels. The glucose sensor is a triple ring microstrip patch antenna integrated with a biomimetic microfluidic device capable of measuring a fixed volume of glucose solution. The sensor was utilized to detect 50–500 mg/dL glucose solutions. The interaction of the glucose solution with the electromagnetic field on the patch's surface influences both the resonance frequency and the magnitude of reflection coefficient. The results indicate that the microfluidic device can reduce experimental error and enhance the correlation between glucose concentration, resonant frequency, and reflection coefficient. Finally, the microfluidic sensor had a sensitivity of 0.25 MHz/(mg/dL), a detection limit as low as 7.7 mg/dL, and correlation coefficients of resonance frequency and reflection coefficient with a glucose concentration of 0.996 and 0.984, respectively. The experiment on the sensor's stability verifies the sensor's excellent stability and rapid response (~ 150 ms). Consequently, the device can be used to differentiate the concentration of glucose solutions, as well as to detect blood glucose levels at an early stage.

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Noninvasive Glucose Sensing in Aqueous Solutions Using an Active Split-Ring Resonator

Cited by 105 publications

References 85 publications

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Microfluidic Dielectric Sensor Using a Transmission Line Loaded with Shunt LC Resonators

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Microfluidic Dielectric Sensor Using a Transmission Line Loaded with Shunt LC Resonators

Metamaterial sensor based on rectangular enclosed adjacent triple circle split ring resonator with good quality factor for microwave sensing application

Microfluidic microwave biosensor based on biomimetic materials for the quantitative detection of glucose

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